the capacitated vehicle routing problem (cvrp) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem that holds a central place in logistics management. the vehicle routing is an applied task in the industrial transportation for which an optimal solution will lead us to better services, save more time and ultimately increase in customer satisfaction. this problem is classified into np-hard problem...

Two-echelon distribution systems are attractive from an economical standpoint and help keeping large vehicles out of densely populated city centers. Large trucks can be used to deliver goods to intermediate facilities in accessible locations, whereas smaller vehicles allow to reach the final customers. Due to their reduced size, pollution, and noise emissions, multiple distribution companies ar...

The delivery of freight from its origin to its destination is often managed through one or more intermediate facilities where storing, merging and consolidation activities are performed. This type of distribution systems is commonly called multi-echelon, where each echelon refers to one level of the distribution network. Multi-echelon distribution systems are often considered by public administ...

The two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP) consists in making deliveries to a set of customers using two distinct fleets of vehicles. First-level vehicles pick up requests at a distribution center and bring them to intermediate sites. At these locations, the requests are transferred to second-level vehicles, which deliver them. This paper addresses a variant of the 2E-VRP that integrates ...

Two-echelon distribution systems are often considered in city logistics to maintain economies of scale and satisfy the emission zone requirements cities. In this work, we formulate two-echelon vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands as a chance-constrained optimization problem, where total demand customers each second-echelon route should fit within capacity high probability. We propose...

Freight transportation constitutes one of the main activities that influences economy and society, as it assures a vital link between suppliers and customers and is represents a major source of employment. Multi-echelon distribution is one of the most common strategies adopted by the transportation companies in an aim of cots reduction. Although vehicle routing problems are very common in opera...

In this paper we tackle a two-echelon location-routing problem (2E-LRP) by a tabu search metaheuristic. The aim is to define the location and number of two kinds of capacitated facilities, the size of two different vehicle fleets and the related routes on each echelon. The proposed Tabu Search (TS) for the 2E-LRP is based on the decomposition of the problem in two location-routing sub-problems,...

stochastic approach to vehicle routing problem: development and theories abstract in this article, a chance constrained (ccp) formulation of the vehicle routing problem (vrp) is proposed. the reality is that once we convert some special form of probabilistic constraint into their equivalent deterministic form then a nonlinear constraint generates. knowing that reliable computer software for lar...

One of the important extensions of the classical resource allocation problem is integrated resource allocation and routing problem with time window (IRARPTW). IRARPTW problem focuses on the time window for the service at the demanding node with the consideration of travel time of vehicle for a varying demand-oriented multi echelon supply chain with the consideration of limitation on the number ...