The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal retailer’s replenishment decisions under two levels of trade credit policy within the economic production quantity (EPQ) framework. We assume that the supplier would offer the retailer a delay period and the retailer also adopts the trade credit policy to stimulate his/her customer demand to develop the retailer’s replenishment model ...

The classical economic production quantity (EPQ) model assumes that items produced are of perfect quality and the production rate is constant. However, production quality depends on the condition of the process. Due to process deterioration or other factors, the production process may shift and produce imperfect quality items. These imperfect quality items sometimes can be reworked and repaired...

This paper introduces a number of indicators on various aspects of competition laws and competition agencies in order to make competition policies comparable. It contains an indicator concerned with the objectives and the instruments of competition laws, a second indicator evaluating to what degree an economic – as opposed to a legal – approach to competition policy has been chosen. Based on th...

We define key research questions as a stimulus to research in the area of industrial ecology. The first group of questions addresses analytical support for green engineering and environmental policy. They relate to (i) tools for green engineering, (ii) improvements in life cycle assessment, (iii) aggregation of environmental impacts, and (iv) effectiveness of a range of innovative policy approa...

This study proposes a comprehensive framework for characterizing the economic model that underlies an entrepreneurial venture. The proposed framework includes four components: revenue drivers, operating leverage, margins, and volumes. Further, volumes and revenue drivers have two sub-components. A foundation for each is established. To test the framework, a survey instrument was developed and a...

The prospects for reforming health care financing revolve around five questions: (1) Will Congress mandate universal coverage? (2) Will Congress require employers to pay most of the cost of employee coverage? (3) Will Congress authorize effective limits on health care spending? (4) What role should regional health alliances play in the reformed system? (5) How much change in health insurance ar...

This chapter develops a unified analytical framework, drawing on and extending the existing literature on the subject, for studying the role of property rights in economic development. It addresses two fundamental and related questions concerning the relationship between property rights and economic activity. (i) What are the mechanisms through which property rights affect economic activity? (i...

introduction: the human being is part of its surrounding socio-economic framework. he is affected by the environment and actively affects it. ignoring the socio-economic dimensions of health leads to the failure of health promotion programs and widens the inequity in the health status of different groups in the society. the aim of this study is to identify the socio-economic and demographic sta...

experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in kermanshah to shed lights on economic analysis of deficit irrigation and integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizer son cultivation of medicinal plant borage (borago officinalis l). irrigation tritments include: a) 30% less water than crop requires invegetative, b) inreprodu...