The initially established market economic system in China has had several common features by comparison with those typical ones in western countries, and market mechanism has been a fundamental means for adjusting economic activities. However, in terms of ownership, scope of functioning in market subject and market mechanism, relations between government and enterprises, legal guarantee and mor...

Based on the established association between child poverty and youth violence trends, this study employs both macroand micro-level research strategies to determine whether the recent changes in macroeconomic conditions and welfare reform policies that influenced child poverty trends throughout most of the 1990’s and the early 2000’s also influenced trends in youth violent victimization, and the...

The purpose of this study is to examine with both political and economic perspectives the economic reforms implemented in Vietnam during the period 1986-89. Specifically, the paper seeks to re-assess the the political and economic contexts of the then-Vietnam, with respect to the systematic changes in ideology and shift of power at the highest level of the Politburo during this critical period....

All reform countries in Central and Eastern Europe require a rapid and comprehensive restructuring of their public pension schemes for macroand microeconomic reasons. The paper argues that pension reform, economic restructuring, and the growth options for these countries are closely related, and that by pursuing a reform which is at least partially directed towards private and funded pensions, ...

This analysis uses Senegal as a test case to study the assumptions made by the governance agenda. Afer briefly charting the growth of the governance model and the theoretical assumptions on which it rests, the study outlines an alternative view of state action based on legitimacy and survival. The bulk of the study examines the economic reform process in Senegal, and argues that the governance ...

Aided by the longest economic expansion in U.S. history and other policy changes designed to make work pay, federal welfare reform legislation has spurred mothers to leave welfare at an unprecedented rate. The majority of mothers who left welfare are working, but most have jobs with low pay and limited benefits. This article discusses the relationship between economic resources and child well-b...

Market-oriented economic policies—reflected in limited economic activity by government, protection of private property rights, a sound monetary policy, outward orientation regarding trade and efficient tax and regulatory policy—have been strongly linked to faster rates of economic growth. Foreign aid is often provided in the belief that it encourages liberalizing reforms in these areas. This pa...

Gender earnings differentials in urban China by region and their changes during the first decade of economic reform are examined. It is found that the female–male earnings ratio increased during the early stage of reform. The male earnings premium, overall, showed an increasing trend in the later stage of reform. Decomposition of the gender earnings differential reveals that a relatively lower ...

Economic governance in Australia has undergone radical changes since the 1970s. Many of these changes are associated with the market-oriented policies collectively referred to as ‘microeconomic reform’. Broadly speaking, microeconomic reform can be defined as government policies or initiatives aimed at improving the performance and/or the efficiency of industries or sectors in the economy (Fors...