Kabul, the capital and largest city in Afghanistan has been experiencing a massive population expansion and fast economic development in last decade, in which urban land has increasingly expanded and formed a high informal development territory in the city. This paper investigates the urban land development direction based on the integrated urbanization trends in Kabul city since the last and t...

Water quantity and quality joint operation is a new mode in the present dams' operation research. It has become a hot topic in governmental efforts toward integrated basin improvement. This paper coupled a water quantity and quality joint operation model (QCmode) and genetic algorithm with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Together, these tools were used to explore a reasonable operation o...

As one of the primary factors of production, labor is an essential element in every nation’s economy. Investing in human capital is widely viewed as a key to sustaining increases in labor productivity and economic growth. While health is increasingly seen as an important part of human capital, environmental protection, which typically promotes health, has not been viewed through this lens. Inde...

This paper develops a one-sector endogenous growth model in which renewable natural resources are postulated as both a factor of production and as a measure of environmental quality. We show that sustained economic growth and a non-deteriorating environment can coexist along the economy’s balanced growth path. Moreover, the output growth rate is positively related to the steady-state level of n...

Using full-population register data from Denmark, this study shows that estimates of the economic gradient in mortality depends on the specific measure of economic resources used, where we investigate permanent income, annual income or financial and housing wealth. Our favorite measure is what we call ’Permanent income’, that is the average level of income over a long interval. We find that whe...

This chapter assesses the nature and degree of environmental degradation and resource depletion in China and their relationship to economic activity and environmental policies. We describe regulatory and other policies and consider their political economy determinants. Inasmuch as this objective can only be partially achieved, we hope to contribute to a research agenda for environmental and res...

policy makers have taken into less consideration the market mechanism in the allocation of water resources, contrary to its long role and precedent in allocation goods and resources. the market mechanism is used in many regions of world for water management to increase the water scarcity certainly, but historical form of acquiring water resources didn’t lead to a proper market so economic price...

recipitation shortage and the consequent loss of several water resources, as well as the population growth, are the most important problems in arid and semi-arid regions like Iran. The providence of basic tools for optimal water resources management is considered as one of the main solutions to this problem. Since the agricultural sector is the main user of water resources, the present study pr...

today, banking is one of the most important sectors of the economy. banks with their economic and financial operations cause transfer of resources. resources are transferred from people who are not willing or able directly to participate in economic activities to those who need to capital for economic affairs and consequently causing economic growth for society. in islamic banking, circulation ...