The paper tests for external effects of local economic activity on consumption and income growth at the farm household level using panel data from four provinces of post-reform rural China. The tests allow for nonstationary fixed effects in the consumption growth process. Evidence is found of geographic externalities, stemming from spillover effects of the level and composition of local economi...

The paper tests for external effects of local economic activity on consumption and income growth at the farm household level using panel data from four provinces of post-reform rural China. The tests allow for nonstationary fixed effects in the consumption growth process. Evidence is found of geographic externalities, stemming from spillover effects of the level and composition of local economi...

Most recent cross-country analyses of economic growth have neglected physical geography as a determinant of economic growth. This paper reviews the distinctive development challenges faced by economies situated in tropical climates. Using geographic information system (GIS) mapping, the paper presents evidence that production technology in the tropics has lagged behind temperate zone technology...

Economic activity in different industries is linked to each other through aggregate income (horizontal linkages) and input-output relationships (vertical linkages). Could such linkages give rise to vicious circles of underdevelopment or virtuous circles of development when there are increasing returns to scale at the firm level? We show that vicious or virtuous circles based on demand linkages ...

The study examined the conceptual issues of public policy failure in Nigeria and how it affects economic development. main objective is to conceptually analyses failures as a tract underdevelopment. Contents method was used analysis. This means that uses analysis rational assessing policies Nigeria. based on thesis elite theory. reveals are not effective paper also consequences analyzed concept...

The differences in the economic and social development levels of regions have become markedly visible since the change of the political and economic system in Hungary, and the research of regional differences has become increasingly important.The research presented in the paper was aimed at creating an indicator to measure the development level of settlements, which is objective, easily quantif...