BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancies are frequently present in women who present to the emergency department with pregnancy and abdominal pain or bleeding, a subset of whom may require operative intervention. OBJECTIVES To prospectively determine if emergency physician (EP)-performed transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography (US) with determination of free abdominal fluid in the hepatorenal space predi...

background: the value of serial measurement of serum ß subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (ßhcg) and ultrasonography in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy has well established. objective: the objective of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of raising level of serum ßhcg, single measurement of progesterone (p) and estradiol (e2) in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. mat...

Background: In an ectopic pregnancy (EP) the egg does not reach to the uterus, but instead implants somewhere outside it, usually in fallopian tube. In most cases the exact cause of an ectopic pregnancy is unknown but it is often a result of some sort of damage to the fallopian tube. The tube may have become blocked or narrowed by previous surgery or infection. An active immune system need to r...

Background: IL-6 is a proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine to be very high in endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease, which are known risk factors for ectopic pregnancy(EP). The effects of IL-6 on target cells occur via the formation of a high-affinity complex with IL-6Ra that expressed in the cilia of the epithelial cells. In the present study,we compared expression of IL-6Ra i...

BACKGROUND Measurement of serum β-hCG concentration commonly used to diagnose tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) and follow up patients treated conservatively. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of maternal serum β-hCG concentration in ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy to help physicians identify those women who are at greatest risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is...

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a complication of conception in which the embryo implants outside of uterine cavity. The increasing incidence of serious maternal morbidity resulting from EP has prompted the search for biomarkers to aid in early diagnosis and take advantage of conservative treatments. One of the effective biomarkers in EP is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF ...

Background: Ectopic pregnancies are frequently present in women who present to the emergency department with pregnancy and abdominal pain or bleeding, a subset of whom may require operative intervention. Objectives: To prospectively determine if emergency physician (EP)-performed transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography (US) with determination of free abdominal fluid in the hepatorenal space predi...

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a implanted outside of the endometrial cavity and one leading causes maternal morbidity mortality during first trimester. There are several risk factors ectopic have been described especially following ART. However, prevalence varied slightly higher in pregnancies Several mechanisms EP Serial serum beta hCG pelvic sonographic screening facilitates early diag...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the importance of cytokine type in embryo implantation in uterus specified and activated macrophages interfere the tube movements and embryo retention in uterine tubes by smooth muscle relaxation and disrupting ciliary function. Therefore, increased risk of infection with HP during pregnancy, we investigated relation between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and prevalenc...