Frustrated systems, typically characterized by competing interactions that cannot all be simultaneously satisfied, display rich behaviours not found elsewhere in nature. Artificial spin ice takes a materials-by-design approach to studying frustration, where lithographically patterned bar magnets mimic the frustrated interactions in real materials but are also amenable to direct characterization...

Magnetic ground states in solids often arise as a result of a delicate balance between competing factors. One currently active area of research in magnetic materials involves compounds in which long-range magnetic ordering at low temperatures is frustrated by the geometry of the crystalline lattice, a situation known as geometrical magnetic frustration. The number of systems known to display th...

This paper is dedicated to propose an algorithm in order to generate the certain isomers of some well-known fullerene bases. Furthermore, we enlist the bipartite edge frustration correlated with some of symmetrically distinct infinite families of fullerenes generated by the offered process.

“pacta sunt servanda” is one of the most fundamental principles in the common law and iranian legal systems, which have been exposed to exceptions in the process of time. these exceptions are part of general doctrine of frustration. iranians exceptions to this rule are named as “ta`azzor” and “ta`assor” rules. doctrine of frustration in common law includes three subdivision theories: “impossibi...

We define the anti-communicability function for nodes of a simple graph as nondiagonal entries exp (-A). prove that it induces an embedding into Euclidean space. The angle is then defined spanned by position vectors corresponding in analytically given k-partite graph, larger than 90° every pair different partitions and smaller those same partition. This used similarity metric to detect best k-p...