48 in Higher Education Information technology departments, and therefore chief information officers (CIOs), can have a communication and action gap with their institutions and leadership.1 This gap and its resulting difficulties are well documented in IT leadership literature. Like a domino effect, the gap not only causes inefficiency among departments using technology services, it also erodes ...

BACKGROUND Meta-research studies investigating methods, systems, and processes designed to improve the efficiency of systematic review workflows can contribute to building an evidence base that can help to increase value and reduce waste in research. This study demonstrates the use of an economic evaluation framework to compare the costs and effects of four variant approaches to identifying eli...

the purpose of the present study is to investigate the structure of physical education organization of the islamic republic of iran with an entrepreneurial approach and to determine its connection with the effectiveness of this organization. 194 participants of this study were randomly selected from all expert staff of physical education organization. two questionnaires of entrepreneurial struc...