1 to appear in Physical Review: Special Topics PER Sustaining Educational Reforms in Introductory Physics Steven J. Pollock and Noah D. Finkelstein Department of Physics University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, CO 80309 While it is well known which curricular practices can improve student performance on measures of conceptual understanding, the sustaining of these practices and the role of fa...

Investment in human capital builds and enhances the capacity and skills of the labour force and generates the appropriate knowledge for technological progress, all with the main goal of higher productivity, growth and development. Yet a conscious effort must be made to integrate education fully into economic plans of African economies, such that educational reforms move at least simultaneously ...

In 2013 Spain introduced a series of educational reforms explicitly inspired by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 results. These reforms were mainly implemented in secondary education – based upon the assumption that this is where Spain’s educational problems lie. This paper questions this assumption by attempting to identify the point where Spanish children fall be...

Abstract China’s educational leaders have long debated the pluses and minuses of decentralization of control and resources of China’s vast educational enterprise. During various periods of post-1949 China, the central authorities have devolved control to the provinces, key cities, and rural communes, only to recentralize later usually due to political reforms. In this chapter various stages of ...

Policy reforms and rising income inequality transformed educational and economic opportunities for Americans approaching midlife in the 1990s. Rising income inequality may have reduced mobility, as income gaps increased between rich and poor children. Against the e!ects of rising inequality, Civil Rights reforms may have increased mobility, as opportunities expanded across cohorts of black stud...

Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment in Germany: The Last Five Decades Over the last decades the German education system underwent numerous reforms in order to improve "equality of opportunity", i.e. to guarantee all pupils equal access to higher education. At the same time internationally comparative evidence yields that Germany features particularly low intergenerational m...