This paper rehabilitates effective protection. In general equilibrium, the usual definition (the percentage change in value added per unit induced by the tariff structure) corresponds to no economically interesting magnitude. The effective rate of protection for sector j is defined here as the uniform tariff which is equivalent to the actual differentiated tariff structure in its effect on the ...

Abstract Inertial flow in porous media, governed by the Forchheimer equation, is affected domain heterogeneity at field scale. We propose a method to derive formulae of effective coefficient with application perfectly stratified medium. Consider uniform under constant pressure gradient $$\Delta P/L$$ ? <mml:mi...

Since the introduction of attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy for characterization materials, attempts have been made to relate measured reflectivity ( R ) absorption coefficient ? absorbing material interest. The common approach is limited low case under...

one of the ways to be informed on the extent of activities in various industries is to measure the rate of nominal protection. this paper tries to calculate the nominal and effective protection in order to examine the exchange rate unification impacts on the protection of pulp and paper industries with the aim of performing the exchange rate unification policy. therefore, nominal protection rat...

In this paper we present an effective method for computing certain real coefficients λn which appear in a criterion for the Riemann hypothesis proved by Xian-Jin Li. With the use of this method a sequence of two-thousand λn’s has been calculated. This sequence reveals a peculiar and unexpected behavior: it can be split into a strictly growing trend and some tiny oscillations superimposed on thi...

It is well known that a cardinal B-spline of order m,m ∈ N, is a piecewise polynomial function. In this note we propose an effective method for calculating the coefficients of polynomials which constitute a cardinal B-spline. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.