Collecting information on suspended sediments concentration (SSC) in coastal waters and estuaries is vital for proper management of coastal environments. Traditionally, SSC used to be measured by time consuming and costly point measurements. This method allows the accurate measurement of SSC only for a point in space and time. Remote sensing from air-borne and space-borne sensors have proved to...

A hand-held, battery-powered Fourier transform infrared spectroradiometer weighing 12.5 kg has been developed for the field measurement of spectral radiance from the Earth's surface and atmosphere in the 3-5-µm and 8-14-µm atmospheric windows, with a 6-cm(-1) spectral resolution. Other versions of this instrument measure spectral radiance between 0.4 and 20 µm, using different optical materials...

Detectors have historically been calibrated for spectral power responsivity at the National Institute of Standards and Technology by using a lamp-monochromator system to tune the wavelength of the excitation source. Silicon detectors can be calibrated in the visible spectral region with combined standard uncertainties at the 0.1% level. However, uncertainties increase dramatically when measurin...

Airborne measurements of solar spectral radiance reflected by cirrus are performed with the HALO-Solar Radiation (HALO-SR) instrument onboard the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) in November 2010. The data are used to quantify the influence of surface albedo variability on the retrieval of cirrus optical thickness and crystal effective radius. The applied retrieval of cirru...

The in-scene atmospheric compensation (ISAC) algorithm of Young et al. (2002) [14] (and as implemented in the ENVI software system [16] as ‘Thermal Atm Correction’) is commonly applied to thermal infrared multiand hyperspectral imagery (MSI and HSI, respectively). ISAC estimates atmospheric transmissivity and upwelling radiance using only the scene data. The ISAC-derived transmissivity and upwe...

The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observes spectrally resolved downwelling radiance emitted by the atmosphere in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Profiles of temperature and water vapor, and cloud liquid water path and effective radius for a single liquid cloud layer, are retrieved using an optimal estimation–based physical retrieval algorithm from AERI...

A variety of instruments have been developed over the past 50 years to measure spectral radiance in absolute units at UV and visible wavelengths with high spectral resolution. While there is considerable experience in the measurement of spectral irradiance, less emphasis has been given to the reliable measurement of spectral radiance from ground observations. We discuss the methodology and cali...

Fluorescent effects have been observed for thousands of years. Stokes, in 1852, began the science of fluorescence culminating in his law of fluorescence, which explained that fluorescence emission occurs at longer wavelengths than the excitation wavelength. This phenomenon is observed extensively in the art world. Daylight fluorescent colors known as Day-Glo have become an artistic medium since...

Article history: Received 14 January 2016 Received in revised form 8 August 2016 Accepted 7 September 2016 Available online xxxx This study examines the evolution of the GERB-2 and GERB-1 Edition 1 shortwave radiance calibration between 2004–2007 and 2007–2012 respectively, through comparisonwith CERES instrument FM1Edition 3A SSF instantaneous radiances. Two periods when simultaneous observati...