PURPOSE To assess scotopic background adaptation in subjects with a history of preterm birth and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Retinopathy of prematurity is known to have long-term effects on rod photoreceptor and rod mediated postreceptor retinal function. METHODS Rod-mediated thresholds for detection of 3° diameter, 50 ms stimuli presented 20° from fixation were measured using a spatial...

There is little standardization of how to measure cycling gross efficiency (GE). Therefore, the purposes of these studies were to evaluate the effect of: i) stage duration, ii) relative exercise intensity, iii) work capacity and iv) a prior maximal incremental test on GE. Trained subjects (n=28) performed incremental tests with stage durations of 1-, 3-, and 6-min to establish the effect of sta...

Through extracellular measurements of photoreceptor responses to flashed stimuli, we examined how the bleaching of rhodopsin affects increment receptor threshold in the isolated retina of the skate (Raja oscellata and R. erinacea). Both initially unbleached and previously bleached photoreceptors, when exposed to full-field luminous backgrounds of fixed intensity, attain approximately stable lev...

We show that the Eigen model and the asexual Wright-Fisher model can be obtained as different limit cases of a unique stochastic model. This derivation makes clear which are the exact differences between these two models. The two key concepts introduced with the Eigen model, the error threshold and the quasispecies, are not affected by these differences, so that they are naturally present also ...

This study investigated the changes in cardiorespiratory response and running performance of 9 male "Talent Identification" (TID) and 6 male Senior Elite (SE) Spanish National Squad triathletes during a specific cycle-run (C-R) test. The TID and SE triathletes (initial age 15.2 ± 0.7 vs. 23.8 ± 5.6 years, p = 0.03; V(O2)max 77.0 ± 5.6 vs. 77.8 ± 3.6 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1), nonsignificant) underw...

1. The rod-isolation technique of Aguilar & Stiles (1954) was used to obtain scotopic increment-threshold functions in the dark-adapted eye. Increment-threshold functions were obtained for background durations of 50 to 500 msec, but the onset of the background and increment fields was always simultaneous. In all conditions the duration of the increment field was 50 msec. 2. The pattern of resul...

Eigen-functions are of key importance in graph mining since they can be used to approximate many graph parameters, such as node centrality, epidemic threshold, graph robustness, with high accuracy. As real-world graphs are changing over time, those parameters may get sharp changes correspondingly. Taking virus propagation network for example, new connections between infected and susceptible peo...