One disadvantage of conventional iris-loaded accelerating structures is the high ratio of the peak surface electric field to the peak axial electric field useful for accelerating a beam. Typically this ratio Es/Ea ≥ 2. The high surface electric field relative to the accelerating gradient may prove to be a limitation for realizing technologies for very high gradient accelerators. In this paper, ...

High pressure NMR measurements have been used to show that the temperature dependence of the electric field gradient at the A1 sites of GdAI2 cannot be due lattice expansion. Any pseudoquadrupole contribution to the electric field gradient is also negligible from a comparison of GdAlz and HoAlz measurements.

Non-uniformities of plasma and magnetic field are known to cause electric currents in plasma. Electron density gradient causes diffusion current, electron temperature gradient — thermocurrent, gradient of magnetic field module — gradient current, curvature of magnetic field lines — centrifugal current. Being independent of electric field, the currents of non-uniformities may act as extraneous t...

The degree of aromaticity of mono-substituted derivatives of benzene has beeninvestigated using a new index based on electric field gradient index, by using two mechanicalquantum methods with Gaussian 03. Two different basis sets have applied to study and theresults compared. This strategy has demonstrated that, due to violation of symmetry in have pisystems,how the degree of aromaticity can ha...

Kelvin-Helmoholtz instability by parallel flow velocity shear in presence of inhomogeneous d.c. electric field and perpendicular density temperature magnetic field gradient has been studied by using method of characteristic solution and kinetic approach. Effect of in homogeneity of d.c. electric field and gradient have been discussed in result. The growth rates have been calculated for differen...