Nerve fibers produce several non-electrical signals on excitation. Recent findings on such non-electrical signals are discussed, in the hope that some of them might give us clues to molecular events underlying the excitation process. At present this expectation is not fulfilled, but progress is being made which allows one to look optimistically at future developments.

Neuroendocrine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells receive synaptic excitation through the sympathetic splanchnic nerve to elicit catecholamine release into the circulation. Under basal sympathetic tone, splanchnic-released acetylcholine evokes chromaffin cells to fire action potentials, leading to synchronous phasic catecholamine release. Under elevated splanchnic firing, experienced under the ...

Interruption of anterior fibers of the left bundle branch system together with right bundle branch block was accomplished experimentally in canine and primate hearts. In both species the electrocardiographic effects included a major alteration of the mean electrical axis to a superior and anterior direction. Epicardial excitation was markedly delayed anteriorly, causing widening of the QRS comp...

Interruption of anterior fibers of the left bundle branch system together with right bundle branch block was accomplished experimentally in canine and primate hearts. In both species the electrocardiographic effects included a major alteration of the mean electrical axis to a superior and anterior direction. Epicardial excitation was markedly delayed anteriorly, causing widening of the QRS comp...

Hybrid excitation is a technology that combines the advantages of field windings and permanent magnets for inducing magnetic flux. This article studies benefits hybrid provides an outlook on their possible applications, such as wind power generators electric vehicle motors. Compared to magnet-based machines, gives variable flux while still using advantage portion also looks into some different ...

We propose a general workflow to numerically estimate the spread of electrical excitation in the patients' hearts. To this end, a semi-automatic segmentation pipeline for extracting the volume conductor model of structurally normal hearts is presented. The cardiac electrical source imaging technique aims to provide information about the spread of electrical excitation in order to assist the car...

Picosecond electrical pulse excitation of the ballistic three-branch junctions (TBJs) was performed to investigate the electrical response at terahertz frequencies. The generation of picosecond electrical pulses and the signal detection with sub-picosecond temporal resolution were achieved by a photoconductive switch and the time-resolved electro-optical sampling technique, respectively, with t...

Cardiac arrhythmias are often triggered by ectopic membrane depolarization originating deep inside the myocardial wall. Here we propose a new method utilizing a novel near-infrared voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye DI-4-ANBDQBS to determine the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the sources of such depolarization. We tested the method in live preparations of pig left and right ventricular my...

Correspondence: Prof. Matthias K. Gobbert, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA [email protected] Abstract As the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease has become a principal concern in modern society. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by a dysregulation of calcium dynamics in...