General expressions to obtain the electromagnetic energy flow lines behind interference gratings are derived in the case where the incident light consists of a polarized monochromatic plane wave. These flow lines show how the electromagnetic energy redistributes in space (behind the grating) until the Fraunhofer regime is reached, thus providing an interpretation based on photon paths for the p...

We demonstrate the use of a full-wave electromagnetic field simulator to verify terahertz (THz) transmission-mode spectroscopic measurements of periodic arrays containing subwavelength cylindrical scatterers. Many existing THz scattering studies utilize analytical solutions, which were developed for a single scatterer. For multiple scatterers, a scaling factor equal to the number of scatterers ...

We propose a frequency selective duplexer using microwave photonic band gap ~PBG! structures. It uses two different PBGs to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the microwave region. In this structure, an additional narrow reflection band appears in the transmission spectrum when the PBG structure is not properly located relative to the T junction. By considering multiple reflect...

optical interferometry is being used as an efficient tool to analyse smooth surfaces for more than a century. although, due to introduction of novel computer assisted analyzing techniques and array detectors, like ccd, the speed and the precision of processing have been increased tremendously, but the main equation involved is not changed. the main equation is the intensity distribution in the ...

The Ewald-Oseen extinction theorem states, that, inside a linear medium, the incident electromagnetic wave is extinguished by its interference with a part of the irradiation from the excited surface of the medium. This contradicts Huygens’ principle, according to which the incident wave is absent after having excited the sources of the secondary wavelets. In this contribution, the proof in Born...

background & aim: electromagnetic waves can damage sex organs and cause hormonal disorders, whereas garlic is known as reducing risk factors for various diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the probable effects of mobile phone radiation and consumption of garlic on estrogen and progesterone levels and ovarian changes. experimental: five groups of rats (n = 8) were used which g...

We evaluated the electromagnetic-interference characteristics of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output ) WLAN (Wireless Local Aria Network) by using an opened PW (Parallel Wired) cell that was placed in a radio anechoic chamber. We used two types of the interference wave such as the narrowband AM (Amplitude Modulation) wave specified by the IEC 61000-4-3 standards and the broadband communication...