The mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) is responsible for setting and maintaining both the energy and redox charges throughout the cell. Reversible phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins, particularly via the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC)/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/Protein kinase A (PKA) axis, has recently been revealed as a potential mechanism regulating the ETS. However, the governance ...

Lipoic acid (LA) is a mitochondrial coenzyme that, depending on the concentration and exposure time, can behave as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant agent has proven ability to modulate metabolism by promoting lipid glucose oxidation for energy production. To assess effects of LA redox balance over Artemia sp. nauplii was used animal model. The administered concentrations were 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, ...

Geographically isolated populations may accumulate alleles that function well on their own genetic backgrounds but poorly on the genetic backgrounds of other populations. Consequently, interpopulation hybridization may produce offspring of low fitness as a result of incompatibilities arising in allopatry. Genes participating in these epistatic incompatibility systems remain largely unknown. In ...

Cancer cells predominantly utilize glycolysis for ATP production even in the presence of abundant oxygen, an environment that would normally result in energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Although the molecular mechanism for this metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis has not been fully elucidated, it is likely that mitochondrial damage to the electron transport chain and the re...

Selenium (Se) has been proved to be an essential element for humans and animals. However, less is known about its effects on plants. Pea plants were treated foliarly once (OT) and twice (TT) with Se solution during their flowering period. Seeds obtained from these plants contained 383 and 743 ng Se g(-1), respectively, and, together with control seeds from untreated plants (UT) containing 21 ng...

In ectotherms, the external temperature is experienced by the mitochondria, and the mitochondrial respiration of different genotypes is likely to change as a result. Using high-resolution respirometry with permeabilized fibers (an in situ approach), we tried to identify differences in mitochondrial performance and thermal sensitivity of two Drosophila simulans populations with two different mit...

Activity of complexes II, III, and IV of the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) is reduced in postmortem Huntington's disease (HD) striatum, suggesting that reduced cerebral oxidative phosphorylation may be important in the pathogenesis of neuronal death. We investigated mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vivo in the striatum of 20 participants with early, genetically proven HD an...

The “European Transport Solver” (ETS) [1,2] is the new modular simulator developed within the EFDA Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM) Task Force*. Ultimately, it will allow for the entire discharge simulation from the start up until the current termination phase, including controllers and sub-systems. The paper presents the current status of the project towards this ultimate goal. It discusses ...

The traditional method for measuring the activity of the electron-transport system (ETS) gives an estimate of the potential respiration rate, since it measures the rate under saturated substrate conditions (V(max)). Accumulated literature data indicate that this does not relate closely to the actual respiration rate. The new method described here is based on reduction of tetrazolium violet in a...

Deleterious interactions among genes cause reductions in fitness of interpopulation hybrids (hybrid breakdown). Identifying genes involved in hybrid breakdown has proven difficult, and few studies have addressed the molecular basis of this widespread phenomenon. Because proper function of the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) requires a coadapted set of nuclear and mitochondrial gen...