The ability to extract contours in cluttered visual scenes, which is a crucial step in visual processing, declines with healthy aging, but the reasons for this decline are not well understood. In three experiments, we examined how the effect of aging on contour discrimination varies as a function of contour and distracter inter-element spacing, collinearity, and stimulus duration. Spiral-shaped...

The diversity performance of the modurated scattering array antenna (MSAA) with various array spacing is measured in Rayleigh fading environment to investigate experimentally the relation between the array spacing and the diversity performance of the MSAA. A 2-element modulated scattering monopole array antenna with various array spacing which is supposed to be used for mobile handset applicati...

An algorithm is presented for generating ®nite element grids that can be used to calculate the position of a ̄uctuating water table and the formation of seepage faces within a heterogeneous uncon®ned aquifer. Our approach overcomes limitations with existing techniques by allowing the water table to rise or decline through hydrostratigraphic boundaries yet maintains numerical and conceptual accur...

The modulated scattering antenna array (MSAA) is composed of one normal antenna element and several modulated scattering elements (MSEs). In this report, a 2-element MSAA is used as the receiving antenna in 2 × 2 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. MIMO performance of MSAA with various array spacing is measured to investigate the relation between the array spacing and the MIMO perform...

In this paper, the authors present an optimization method based on modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for thinning large multiple concentric circular ring arrays of uniformly excited isotropic antennas that will generate a pencil beam in the vertical plane with minimum relative side lobe level (SLL). Two different cases have been studied, one with fixed uniform inter-element s...

In several studies with hierarchical stimuli it has been shown that the left and the right hemispheres are specialized for the processing of local and global information, respectively. However, although corresponding visual-field (VF) effects regularly show up for incongruent stimuli, they are often absent for congruent ones. In this study, it was investigated whether the spacing between the el...

The capacity performances of two interfering flatfading MIMO links are determined based on measured channels. Time-multiplexing of the links (TDMA), that is, when the MIMO links take turns operating without interference, serves as our baseline case. To this, we compare the spatial-multiplexed case (SDMA), which allows both MIMO links to operate simultaneously. Under SDMA, both open-loop (no cha...

This paper deals with the interference rejection capability of circular antenna arrays, as base stations of wireless communications systems. In general, this figure of merit depends strongly on the array configuration and is a function of the direction of arrival of the desired signal, the number of antenna elements, and their spacing. The main goal and contribution of this paper is to provide ...