During flight, insect wings bend and twist under the influence of aerodynamic and inertial forces. We tested whether wing resonance of honeybees (Apis mellifera) matches the wingbeat frequency, against the 'stiff element' hypothesis that the wing's first longitudinal mode exceeds the wingbeat frequency. Six bees were immobilized with their right wing pair outspread, and stimulated with a shaker...

The Solar powered unmanned aircraft have a high-aspect-ratio wings because SPUAV must satisfy the requirement of long endurance and high lift-drag ratio. Therefore, the structure of SPUAV‘s wings are structurally very flexible. The very high flexible wing might have large deformation and many aeroelastic problems. In this paper have a static/dynamic aeroelastic analysis through CFD-CSD coupled ...

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a vehicle with two flexible flapping wings. The body dynamics and the wings’ deformation are monolithically grouped into a single system of equations, with aerodynamics accounted for by a quasi-steady blade element method. A periodic shooting method is then used to locate closed orbits of this non-autonomous system, and Floquet multipliers asses...

The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case with bilateral missing mandibular second premolars that were restored by metal-ceramic inlay-retained fixed dental prostheses. The first prosthesis was of a traditional design and the second was of a modified design. The suggested design is created by modifying the retainer wings of the traditional resin-bonded inlay-retained fixed dental prost...

STATIC aeroelastic analysis capability that calculates A flexible air loads for generic configuration wings was developed. It was made possible by integrating a finite element structural analysis code (MSWNASTRAN) and a panel code of aerodynamic analysis based on linear potential flow theory. The framework already built in MSC/NASTRAN was used, and the aerodynamic influence coefficient matrix w...

Multi-element wings are popular in the aerospace community due to their high lift performance. Turbulent flow simulations of these configurations require very fine mesh spacings especially near the walls, thereby making use of a boundary layer mesh necessary. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the required mesh resolution a priori to the simulations. In this paper we use an anisot...

The Drosophila wings-up A gene encodes Troponin I. Two regions, located upstream of the transcription initiation site (upstream regulatory element) and in the first intron (intron regulatory element), regulate gene expression in specific developmental and muscle type domains. Based on LacZ reporter expression in transgenic lines, upstream regulatory element and intron regulatory element yield i...

Animals with color vision use color information in intra- and interspecific communication, which in turn may drive the evolution of conspicuous colored body traits via natural and sexual selection. A recent study found that the transparent wings of small flies and wasps in lower-reflectance light environments display vivid and stable structural color patterns, called "wing interference patterns...

Insect wings are formed by intricate combinations of flexible membranes and rigid veins; such a structure enables excellent flight performance, adaptability to aerodynamic forces, biological functions. Comprehensive understanding the interplay between wing patterning dynamics has however not been achieved yet due enormous variability natural patterns extreme complexity modeling wing-air interac...

Dragonfly wings are known as biological composites with high morphological complexity. They mainly consist of a network of rigid veins and flexible membranes, and enable insects to perform various flight manoeuvres. Although several studies have been done on the aerodynamic performance of Odonata wings and the mechanisms involved in their deformations, little is known about the influence of vei...