In this work, we consider the MPEG-2 system streams: elementary stream (ES) packetised elemenMPEG-2 PES has a variable length (in terms of bits), Real-time MPEG-2 video transport applications do not tary stream (PES) and ering from any errors that might occur during cornTS has fixed length. These streams are munication. Degradation in quality of decoded video stream (TS). usually have the luxur...

Finite elementary cellular automata (ECAs) are studied, considering periodic and the four types of fixed boundary conditions. It is shown that two of these automata, rules 26 and 154, have particularly interesting dynamics. Both these rules are in Wolfram’s class 2 when subject to periodic boundary conditions but have chaotic dynamics, typical of Wolfram’s class 3, when we consider fixed bounda...

We construct a generalization of the quantum Hall effect, where particles move in four dimensional space under a SU(2) gauge field. This system has a macroscopic number of degenerate single particle states. At appropriate integer or fractional filling fractions the system forms an incompressible quantum liquid. Gapped elementary excitation in the bulk interior and gapless elementary excitations...

The reversibility properties of the elementary cellular automaton with rule number 90 are studied. It is shown that the cellular automaton considered is not reversible when periodic boundary conditions are considered, whereas when null boundary conditions are stated, the reversibility appears when the number of cells of the cellular space is even. The DETGTRI algorithm is used to prove these st...

A theory of random walks on the mapping class group and its non-elementary subgroups is developed. We prove convergence of sample paths in the Thurston compact-iication and show that the space of projective measured foliations with the corresponding harmonic measure can be identiied with the Poisson boundary of random walks. The methods are based on an analysis of the asymptotic geometry of Tei...

A novel universal QCA gate is introduced and called a boundary comparator. This gate implements a Boolean function in its boundary form, as a superposition of elementary boundary functions or as threshold functions having weights equal to integer powers of 2. An array of the boundary comparators is called Comparator based Programmable Array (CPA) and forms a homogeneous regular structure progra...

How language teachers talk is a key factor in organizing and facilitating learning specifically in language classrooms where the medium of instruction is also the subject matter. This study aimed to examine the extent and ways of teacher talk adaptation to students’ proficiency levels in the Iranian EFL context. Two EFL teachers who were teaching three different proficiency levels were observed...

this deals with the harmonic forced vibration of a circular plate surface bonded by two piezoelectric layers, based on the kirchhoff plate model. the form of electric potential field in the piezoelectric layer is assumed such that the maxwell static electricity equation is satisfied. the differential equations of motion are solved analytically for clamped edge boundary condition of the plate. t...

The intuitive properties of configurations of planar non-overlapping closed curves (boundaries) are presented as a pure boundary mathematics. The mathematics, which is not incorporated in any existing formalism, is constructed from first principles, that is, from empty space. When formulated as patternequations, boundary algebras map to elementary logic and to integer arithmetic.