the european countries' stances towards bush's pre-emptive war were hard. this has been caused by some factors; first, the political european tradition of balance of power in regional and international system is still continuing. second, the pre-emptive war has led to an increase of u.s mobility power in european security field. and at last the pre-emptive war has led to fractions and...

Resource-constrained project scheduling with activity pre-emption assumes that activities are allowed to be interrupted and restarted later in the schedule at no extra cost. In the current paper, we extend this pre-emptive scheduling problem with setup times between activity interruptions and the possibility to fast track pre-emptive subparts of activities. The contribution of the paper is twof...

Study Selection Studies were selected if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the outcome when analgesics were given before surgical incision with the outcome when the same medication was given after surgical incision. Studies that compared pre-emptive analgesia with no analgesia or that compared pre-emptive analgesia with pre-emptive analgesia plus analgesia given after ...

Study Selection Studies were selected if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the outcome when analgesics were given before surgical incision with the outcome when the same medication was given after surgical incision. Studies that compared pre-emptive analgesia with no analgesia or that compared pre-emptive analgesia with pre-emptive analgesia plus analgesia given after ...

This paper introduces schedulability analysis for global fixed priority scheduling with deferred pre-emption (gFPDS) for homogeneous multiprocessor systems. gFPDS is a superset of global fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling (gFPPS) and global fixed priority non-pre-emptive scheduling (gFPNS). We show how schedulability can be improved via appropriate choice of priority assignment and final non...

BACKGROUND The hepatic outcome of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients undergoing chemotherapy after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine is unknown. AIMS To examine the occurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine. METHODS Pre-emptive lamivudine was started one week before initiation of chemotherapy in 46 consecutive HBsAg p...

BACKGROUND Efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia compared to preventive regimen, managing postoperative pain is still controversial. AIM Evaluating the efficacy of intravenous (IV) paracetamol as pre-emptive analgesia compared to preventive post-treatment administration in pediatric dental setting. DESIGN In a prospective trial, 60 noncooperative children of ASA I, II aged 3-10 years who underw...

BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggest pre-emptive administration of analgesics is effective but clinical evidence is less convincing. METHODS Forty-one patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were allocated randomly in a double-blind fashion to receive sufentanil 50 micrograms via a lumbar epidural catheter before or at the end of surgery. RESULTS Sufentanil consumption from a patient-...

The usage of the radio spectrum for wireless communication is considered to be inefficient. Therefore, through cognitive radio, unlicensed users can occupy idle spectrum bands without interference with the primary user. Generally, when the arrival rate of licensed users is high, secondary users may starve. In this paper, we propose two models to improve the average total waiting time for the se...

BACKGROUND In kidney transplant (KT) recipients, CMV infection poses significant morbidity and mortality. Both prophylactic and pre-emptive approaches for preventing CMV infection have been utilized. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of routine prophylaxis vs. pre-emptive treatment for preventing CMV disease after KT. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing...