We evaluated 6 different porcine zona pellucida (PZP) preparations used as a single-shot vaccine for multiyear contraception of captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The study compared 2 PZP preparation technologies from ImmunoVaccine TechnologiesTM (IVT) and National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) over a 7-year period. The study compared both the use of oil in an emulsion and in...

BACKGROUND The increase in recent outbreaks and unpredictable changes of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in birds and humans highlights the urgent need to develop a cross-protective H5N1 vaccine. We here report our development of a multiple-clade H5N1 influenza vaccine tested for immunogenicity and efficacy to confer cross-protection in an animal model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FIN...

This experiment was conducted by using (32000) chicks classified into three houses (18000 chicks in first house, 5000 chicks in second house and 9000 chicks in third house). The first group was inoculated with inactivated oil emulsion vaccine contain NDV (La Sota) and AIV (H9N2) subcutaneous at one day, in the same time vaccinated with mixed vaccine of NDV (La Sota) and IBV H120 by spraying rou...

Most infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic infiltrations from the mucosal tract. Nowadays, the use of vaccines has been widely investigated for the prevention of different infectious diseases, infertility, immune disorders, malignancies, and allergies. Broad-spectrum adjuvant substances have been studied for immune system stimulation with a greater efficiency against specific antigens. V...

OBJECTIVE The research of adjuvants is a hot topic in vaccinology. In this paper, we were seeking a concise method to produce a stable and effective emulsion adjuvant. METHODS A novel emulsion [Well Adjuvant Formulation 3 (WAF3)] was produced by adding additional glycerol and using a timely cooling process. Surface morphology analysis of the novel emulsion was performed by atomic force micros...

BACKGROUND Adjuvant formulations are critical components of modern vaccines based on recombinant proteins, which are often poorly immunogenic without additional immune stimulants. Oil-in-water emulsions comprise an advanced class of vaccine adjuvants that are components of approved seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. However, few reports have been published that systematically evaluate th...

Two oil emuisified vaccines of Newcaslte disease were prepared from Lasota strain. The virus was propagated in 9-day-old chicken embryos through allantoic route. The haemagglutination titre of the allantoic fluid used for vaccine preparation was 2048. The fluid was inactivated by 0.1 per cent f nal concentration of formalin at 37 oc for 6 hours. Inactivated allantoic fluid was emulsified with a...

Influenza directly or indirectly contributes to the four leading causes of global mortality, at rates that are highest in older adults. As the proportion of older adults in the Korean population is greater than in most other countries, influenza prevention is a greater public health priority in Korea than elsewhere. Conventional inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) is less immunogenic and effica...

GonaCon is a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) contraceptive vaccine developed at the USDA National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) that contains keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) coupled to GnRH. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly in an emulsion with the NWRC adjuvant, AdjuVac. This first-generation vaccine, developed in 1998, has been very effective in contracepting every species t...

Background and Aims: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease in poultry with economic losses in the world. Vaccination is one of the most important ways for prevention and control of NDV, but there are reports of ND outbreaks in vaccinated chickens. Poor quality of the vaccines is one of the reasons of vaccine failure. In this study the quality of two commercial oil-emulsion Newca...