conclusions the most important factor in diagnosis is physician’s attention and clinical experience with this condition and using irlssg. results two major theories are developed regarding the pathophysiology of rls. the first one concerns central nervous system dopamine imbalance and the second one concerns intracellular iron dysregulation. the most common used pharmacologic agents in treatmen...

background: vaccination against fatal viral and bacterial diseases is still the best protective way to lower morbidity and mortality rate in end‑stage renal disease (esrd) patients. it has been reported that there is high incidence of low protective levels of igg after vaccination in esrd adult patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective status of vaccination against diphther...

background considering the significant geographical and ethnical differences in pattern of incidence, etiology and outcome of chronic kidney disease (ckd), the present study aimed to assess the etiology and outcome of ckd in iranian children. materials and methods in a cross-sectional study etiology and outcome of 372 children aged 3 months to 18 years with ckd was studied during the period 199...

conclusions literature search revealed an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism with secondary hpth from renal failure. although there is increased prevalence of hypothyroid state in secondary hpth from renal failure, the association appears much weaker in primary hpth and again no conclusive pathological relation has been identified between the two endocrine glands. a closer look and perhaps ...

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one of the complications of end-stage renal disease (esrd) is sensorineural hearing loss (snhl). despite large number of studies on adults esrd patients, there are only a few reported surveys regarding snhl in children. to determine the prevalence of snhl in children with esrd and its relationship with sex of patients, presence of hypertension, history of ototoxic drugs administration and durat...

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is one of the rare autosomal recessive disorders that affect multiple organs of the body. The signs and symptoms of this condition vary among affected individuals, even among members of the same family. We present a case of BBS with features of hypogonadism and features such as marked central obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, renal abnormalities and mental ...

conclusions graft failure is more likely to occur in patients with higher serum creatinine levels. results there was a positive association between the serum creatinine level and graft failure (hr = 5.13, p < 0.001). a one unit increase in the serum creatinine level suggests an increased risk of graft failure of up to 5.13 times. the serum creatinine level significantly decreased over time (95%...

patients and methods in this multicenter cross sectional study, 397 consecutive patients on hemodialysis were evaluated by face-to-face interviews. rls was diagnosed using the international rls study group (irlss) criteria. in addition, three validated sleep disorder questionnaires (insomnia severity index, epworth sleepiness scale and pittsburgh sleep quality index) were completed by the patie...