BACKGROUND Complementary health insurance is increasingly used to remedy the limitations and shortcomings of the basic health insurance benefit packages. Hence, it is essential to gather reliable information about the amount of Willingness to Pay (WTP) for health insurance. We assessed the WTP for health insurance in Iran in order to suggest an affordable complementary health insurance. METHO...

The present study examined the effect of question format on accuracy and quantity of testimony. Forty college students’ memory for a videotaped theft was assessed through open-ended or multiple-choice questionnaires. High accuracy was found for central information elicited with an open-ended questionnaire and for peripheral information elicited with a multiple-choice questionnaire. Quantity was...

diversity in natural aspects for relaxation, entertainment as well as recreational opportunities associated with walking, sightseeing, camping near wells, qanats, and springs to spend leisure time and to enjoy landscapes, represents the recreational values which can be perceived due to surface water limitations. recreational value of water includes the benefits derived from those who leave wate...

LDAP is the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, defined in [1] and [2]. This document describes a format for an LDAP Uniform Resource Locator which will allow World Wide Web clients to have direct access to the LDAP protocol. While LDAP currently is used only as a front end to the X.500 directory, the URL format described here is general enough to handle the case of stand-alone LDAP servers ...

Title Chairperson: Cameo Borntrager, Ph.D. Co-Chairperson: Committee Member Name (remove this line if not applicable) The current definition of a ‘traumatic event’ in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition—Text Revision (DSM—IV TR; APA, 2000) may be too narrow to describe the myriad of difficult experiences that many youth undergo. Furthermore, youth may devel...

BACKGROUND Although the flipped classroom model has been widely adopted in medical education, reports on its use in graduate-level public health programs are limited. This study describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a flipped classroom redesign of an introductory epidemiology course and compares it to a traditional model. METHODS One hundred fifty Masters-level students enro...

BACKGROUND Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) as a result of road traffic crashes (RTCs) rank as the leading cause of death, disability and property loss worldwide, especially in low and middle-income countries. This study aims to analyze the costs of RTCs in Iran. METHODS A standard human capital approach was used to estimate the costs. Costs included medical, administrative and funeral costs, pro...

Formal analysis of cryptographic protocols has mainly concentrated on protocols with closed-ended data structures, where closed-ended data structure means that the messages exchanged between principals have fixed and finite format. However, in many protocols the data structures used are open-ended, i.e., messages have an unbounded number of data fields. Formal analysis of protocols with open-en...

BACKGROUND PET scan is a non-invasive, complex and expensive medical imaging technology that is normally used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including lung cancer. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to assess the cost effectiveness of this technology in the diagnosis and treatment of non- small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main ele...