OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of nonsurgical abnormal uterine bleeding treatments for bleeding control, quality of life (QOL), pain, sexual health, patient satisfaction, additional treatments needed, and adverse events. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane databases, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception to May 2012. We included randomized controlled trials of nonsurgical tre...

Cancer stem cell (CSC)-targeted therapy could reduce tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis in endometrial cancer (EC). The mitochondria of CSCs have been recently found to be an important target for cancer treatment, but the mitochondrial features of CSCs and their regulators, which maintain mitochondrial function, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial properties of CSCs, a...

Abnormal uterine bleeding related to ovulatory dysfunction (i.e., oligo-ovulation and anovulation) is a range of disorders often associated with heavy, irregular bleeding. Assessment includes a medical history, physical examination, and selected laboratory and imaging tests (i.e., pregnancy test; beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin test; measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone and p...

Intensive research work has been performed to better understand the regulation of the endometrium and its clinical implications to improve implantation. Although many proteins and molecules may influence endometrial development, their co-ordinated contribution to the implantation process is still poorly understood and a translation into clinical use has not sufficiently been performed. Clinical...

The increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes due to changes in diet, earlier menarche, delayed menopause, late marriage, and declining birth rate have resulted in an increase in the number of endometrial cancer cases over the last few decades. Although surgical therapy is sufficient for early endometrial cancer, there is no effective therapy for patients with advanced and recurrent endometr...

Objective: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) has been used in clinical treatment of problems related to gynaecology and obstetrics department, including stress urinary incontinence (SUI), low back pain, sexual dysfunction, pelvic pain, and constipation. However, its effect on endometrial thickness and blood perfusion in infertile women with thin endometria is still unknown. We aimed t...

Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting British women, behind breast, lung and colon cancer. Over the past 20 years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has risen by 40%, and deaths by 20%, despite improved overall survival rates. Currently more than 1900 British women die from endometrial cancer each year, compared with fewer than 1500 at the turn of the century. The agin...

X irradiation may lead to female infertility and the mechanism is still not clear. After X irradiation exposure, significantly morphological changes and functional decline in endometrial epithelial cells were observed. The mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction and oxidative DNA damage were noticed after X irradiation. In addition, pretreatment with NAC, NH4Cl or Pep A reduced the X irradiatio...