Sepsis and its complications are associated with poor clinical outcomes. The circulatory system is a well-known target of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recently, several clinical studies documented mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) during endotoxemia, with the probability of patients' survival correlating with the rise in circulating EPCs. This fact combined with endotoxemia-induc...

Acute lung injury is characterized by accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs, accompanied by the development of interstitial edema and an intense inflammatory response. To assess the role of neutrophils as early immune effectors in hemorrhage- or endotoxemia-induced lung injury, mice were made neutropenic with cyclophosphamide or anti-neutrophil antibodies. Endotoxemia- or hemorrhage-induced ...

CONTEXT Hepatic injury is considered one of the critical complications associated with acute pancreatitis. It was proposed that initial insults to the liver in the early phase of the attack have an important priming effect, and the subsequent infectious attack (e.g. infectious pancreatic necrosis, bacterial translocation episode) constitutes a second attack on the liver. OBJECTIVE To evaluate...

Only 30% of alcoholics develop liver disease (ALD) suggesting that additional factors are needed. Endotoxin is one such factor, but its etiology is unclear. Since the gut is the main source of endotoxin, we sought to determine whether an increase in intestinal permeability (leaky gut) is required for alcohol-induced endotoxemia and liver injury and whether the gut leakiness is preventable. For ...

BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation can be associated with a redistribution of organ blood flow and a decrease in gastrointestinal perfusion. Regional sympathetic blockade by means of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) has been shown to improve intestinal microcirculation during systemic inflammation. This study tests the hypothesis that during systemic inflammation, TEA attenuates the impairment ...

Sepsis is an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response against an infection and a major public health issue worldwide. This condition affects several organs, and, when caused by Gram-negative bacteria, kidneys are particularly damaged. Due to the importance of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in regulating renal function, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of endotoxemia ...

INTRODUCTION The aim was to investigate the prevalence of endotoxemia in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and its association with disease severity and outcome. METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of children admitted to PICU at St. Mary's Hospital, London over a 6-month period. One hundred consecutive patients were recruited. Demographic a...

INTRODUCTION The interdependence between endotoxemia, gram negative (GN) bacteremia and mortality has been extensively studied. Underlying patient risk and GN bacteremia types are possible confounders of the relationship. METHODS Published studies with ≥ 10 patients in either ICU or non-ICU settings, endotoxemia detection by limulus assay, reporting mortality proportions and ≥ 1 GN bacteremia...

Abstract The elderly are at the greatest risk for severe endotoxemia and bacterial infections. increase in low grade chronic inflammation decline of immune response during aging contributes to this disease severity. Visceral adipose tissue (vWAT) exhibits recruitment activation pathogen challenge metabolic diseases. Immune cells regulate lipolysis vWAT which is required regulation inflammation,...

Acute lung injury is frequently associated with sepsis or blood loss and is characterized by a proinflammatory response and infiltration of activated neutrophils into the lungs. Hemorrhage or endotoxemia result in activation of cAMP response elementbinding protein (CREB) and NF-kB in lung neutrophils as well as increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and macrophage-infl...