as iran has adhered to new york convention on recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards since 2003, according to article 9 of iranian civil code, the convention’s provisions are treated as part of iranian laws and regulations. this essay, in order to clarify the enforcement regime provided by new york convention, which is now part of the positive legal system of the country, after ...

Inlined Reference Monitor (IRM) is the preferred enforcement mechanism for historybased access control policies. IRM enforcement injects monitoring code into the binary of an untrusted program in order to track its execution history. The injected code denies access when execution deviates from the policy. The viability of IRM enforcement is predicated on the ability of the binary rewriting elem...

a fair hearing in the courts requires the principles of procedure. because arbitration is kind of judgment, so in the arbitration hearing the arbitrator or arbitral tribunal is not bound to observe the principles of procedural formalisms. but they oblige to compliance of principals of civil procedure. equal treatment with parties and adversarial procedure are principles that arbitrator obliged ...

a fair hearing in the courts requires the principles of procedure. because the arbitration is considered as private judgment, thus in arbitration hearing regarding to non-ceremonial proceedings, arbitrator or arbitration panel are bound to respect the principles of civil procedure in arbitration hearing. equal treatment with parties of arbitration and adversarial procedure are principles that a...

Since the introduction of a commitments procedure in EU antitrust policy (Article 9 of Council Regulation 1/2003), the European Commission has extensively settled cases of alleged anticompetitive practices. In this paper, we use a formal model of law enforcement (Bebchuk, 1984; Shavell, 1988) to identify the optimal procedure to resolve cases in a context of uncertainty related to the law (L-un...