The study of modal auxiliary verbs has been done by comparing modal auxiliary verbs in English with the ones in Chinese qualitatively and quantitatively. The modals in English and in Chinese are statistically analyzed through their forms and meanings. The data consists of 50 pieces of Chinese prose with their 50 English translation versions called corpus A and 50 pieces of English prose with th...

The article investigates an overlooked development in the history of English modals, namely regularization their plural inflection Middle (e.g. prs.ind.pl shulleþ for expected shullen ). Using LAEME and eLALME atlases a number electronic corpora, I document frequency dialectal distribution such regularized modal verbs. It is shown that shall was fairly common Late English, can less so, may only...

In the context of globalization, a substantial increase in public attention to processes occurring environment caused by climate crisis and global warming, so-called ‘green agenda’ is gaining significant importance. Undoubtedly, human language plays one most important roles all aspects life. Therefore, even more are consequences ‘cognitive revolution’ mid-late twentieth century which made it po...

An important aspect of training students a non-philological specialty is the formation foreign language communicative competence. Successful development latter impossible without all its basic components, one which grammatical competency as knowledge elements and ability to use them in communication, on hand, connections patterns established between phenomena concepts they express, other hand.T...

This article investigates differences between Scottish Standard English (SSE) and Southern British (SBSE) in the semantic domain of strong obligation. Focusing on modal verbs must , have to need (have) got we use new corpus material from nineteen written spoken genres component International Corpus (ICE-SCO) corresponding texts ICE-GB. Data are analysed using a mixed-effect multinomial regressi...

We report two experiments which address the question of whether there is support for single or dual mechanisms in the processing of Polish regular and irregular nouns and verbs. The data from an immediate cross-modal priming experiment (verbs and nouns) revealed that there was significant priming, irrespective of regularity, for both verbs and nouns. The results for verbs were replicated in a s...

S u m m a r y Tim paper demonstrates tim problem of translating modal verbs and phrases and shows how some of these problems can be overcome by choosing semantic representations which look like representations of passive verbs. These semantic representations suit alternative ways of expressing modality by e.g. passive constructions, adverbs and impersonal constructions in the target language. V...