Enteroviruses survived for up to 38 days without diminishing in numbers in extended-aeration sludges maintained at 5 degrees C. In oxidation ditch sludges similarly maintained, enteroviruses survived for up to 17 days without diminishing in numbers. The pHs of the sludges in this study were well inside the pH 6 to 8 corridor in which destruction of enteroviruses by the detergents and ammonia pr...

While enteroviruses have been the most commonly identified cause of aseptic meningitis in the United States, the role of the emerging, neurotropic West Nile virus (WNV) is not clear. In summer 2001, an aseptic meningitis epidemic occurring in an area of a WNV epizootic in Baltimore, Maryland, was investigated to determine the relative contributions of WNV and enteroviruses. A total of 113 asept...

The Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family comprises many important human pathogens, including polioviruses, rhinovirus, enterovirus A71, and enterovirus D68. They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from mild to severe life-threatening diseases. Currently, no effective vaccine is available against enteroviruses except for poliovirus. Enteroviruses subvert the autophagic machinery...

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and other enteroviruses. It is of interest that other enteroviruses associated with HFMD in Jinan have been rarely reported. The aim of the present study is to detect and characterize the circulating serotypes of non-EV71 and non-CVA16 enteroviruses associated with HFM...

Nonpoliovirus enteroviruses cause a variety of diseases that are common in young children and adults. The "gold standard" for laboratory diagnosis of enteroviruses is cell culture isolation, followed by serotype identification by neutralization assay. These procedures are time-consuming and expensive. Rapid serotype identification of enteroviruses is important in differentiating nonpoliovirus e...

INTRODUCTION Global poliomyelitis eradication initiative relies on (i) laboratory based surveillance of acute flaccid surveillance (AFP) to monitor the circulation of wild poliovirus in a population, and (ii) vaccination to prevent its diffusion. However, as poliovirus can survive in the environment namely in sewage, environmental surveillance (ES) is of growing importance as the eradication ta...

We describe a newborn with neonatal meningitis caused by an enterovirus. The case illustrated how it may be easy to miss these viruses given the limitation of virological tests. Enteroviruses or EV are RNA viruses broadly divided into polio and non polio groups. Non-polio enteroviruses include echoviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses and a number of unclassified enteroviruses (Bennett, 2009). The...

waterborne epidemics of viral diseases have occurred and been reported over the years, and isolation of viruses from water of different sources has been made possible by different methods of concentration. it is now believed that bacterial parameters of water purity may not provide an adequate index as to the safety from a virological point of view. in this study eight samples from four main te...

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) has been reported to be a cellular receptor for several enteroviruses. Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGMK) cells expressing human DAF (BGMK-hDAF cells) showed increased susceptibility and sensitivity to several types of enteroviruses compared to wild-type BGMK cells. When 17 frozen positive clinical samples were tested, BGMK cells detected 8 and BGMK-hDAF cells de...

A research plan was developed to evaluate the occurrence of enteroviruses, giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts in thirty-five different sites in the city of Mashhad, Iran. The occurrence of these pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated to investigate a possible health risk in the communities. For the detection of enteroviruses in water samples, the conventional method of cell culture...