Building of Dam from thousands of years BC was known, and the humans with use of them alwaystry to preserve and utilize surface water resources, but sedimentation problem always is the mostimportant factor in shortening the useful life of dams , and a lot of reservoirs were filled by sedimentsdue to this process and therefore most of dams have been abandoned. One of the most importantphenomena ...

Several bulk model–based entrainment parameterizations for the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) with wind shear are reviewed and tested against large-eddy simulation (LES) data to evaluate their ability to model one of the basic integral parameters of convective entrainment—the entrainment flux ratio. Test results indicate that many of these parameterizations fail to correctly reprod...

abstract stepped spillways are of most important hydraulic constructions to dissipation energy of water flow. these constructions are used in opening channel to transfer water from upper level to lower level. because of considerable effect of steps on flow dissipation energy and also the resulted developments in construction of roller competed concrete rcc, the mentioned constructions have draw...

Neurospora crassa has been systematically investigated for circadian entrainment behavior. Many aspects of synchronization can be investigated in this simple, cellular system, ranging from systematic entrainment and drivenness to masking. Clock gene expression during entrainment and entrainment without clock genes suggest that the known transcription/translation feedback loop is not alone respo...

the entrainment of a stably stratified layer into a turbulent mixed layer in a confined region has been studied in the laboratory for different richardson numbers, ri. the results include direct observation of turbulent characteristics and density measurements using two high precision salinity meters. the measurements include turbulence intensity, scale of eddies near the interface and energy s...

Experiments have been conducted in a wind tunnel to measure the emission factor of re-entrained particles from a dry or wetted dust sample with a smooth or rough surface. Effects of wind velocities and water contents in the sample on the emission factor also were investigated. The results show that re-entrainment of particles can be controlled efficiently in a certain period of time when the su...

Inducible gene expression appears to be an essential event that couples light to entrainment of the master mammalian circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Recently, we reported that light triggers phase-dependent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, a major regulator of protein synthesis, in the SCN, thus raising t...