Despite being the largest High Nitrate Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) region, the Southern Ocean sustains phytoplankton blooms through the summer, when presumably there is sufficient light, but nutrients in the euphotic zone have been depleted. Physical processes that can potentially supply nutrients from subsurface waters to the euphotic zone, and promote phytoplankton growth in the summer, have not b...

[1] The effect of cloud droplet sedimentation on the entrainment rate and liquid water path of a nocturnal nondrizzling stratocumulus layer is examined using largeeddy simulations (LES) with bulk microphysics. In agreement with a prior study by Ackerman et al. (2004), sedimentation is found to decrease entrainment rate and thereby increase liquid water path. They suggested this is due to reduct...

[1] A large‐eddy simulation (LES) code is coupled with a land surface model to investigate the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The diurnal evolution of the ABL is driven by a time‐varying incoming solar radiation. The results show that the domain average surface fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide are smooth functions of time but the fluxes at any...

The atmospheric boundary layer height was derived at two locations in the city of Lanzhou (China) and its suburb rural area Yuzhong. The aerosol backscatter lidar measurements were analysed using a wavelet technology and the parcel method was applied to profiling microwave radiometer observations. For a few occasions the average boundary layer height and entrainment zone thickness was derived i...

In the transition-zone water-filter hypothesis, (see main text), water is assumed essentially trapped within the transition zone because of dehydration melting of ambient upwelling at 410km and exsolution of water from slabs at 660km. The assumption that recycling of water is closed allows us to develop a simple theoretical model with which to predict various important parameters such as the me...

Reentry is the most common mechanism for arrhythmia in patients treated in the electrophysiology laboratory. Mapping and defining the exact circuit to then allow targeting an ideal site for ablation is challenging. However, as reentry usually involves a relatively large circuit often coupled with a discrete slow zone of conduction, we are able to use the classical techniques of entrainment mapp...

OBJECTIVE To study electrophysiological characteristics that enable the identification and ablation of sites of chagasic tachycardia. METHODS Thirty-one patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease and sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) underwent electrophysiological study to map and ablate that arrhythmia. Fifteen patients had hemodynamically stable SVT reproducible by programmed ventric...

Three-dimensional large-eddy simulations of a smoke cloud beneath a strong inversion are used to investigate how grid resolution aaects simulated entrainment rate. These simulations are generalizations of a 1995 GCSS (GEWEX Cloud System Studies) smoke cloud model intercomparison (MacVean et al. 1997). Radiative cooling at the top of the smoke cloud induces convection in the smoke cloud in a man...