The present study carefully examined entropy generation during wustite pellet reduction to sponge iron. The finite volume method was used to solve the governing equations. The grain model was used to simulate the reaction rate. The reactant gases including carbon monoxide and hydrogen were converted to water and carbon dioxide after wustite reduction. Entropy is generated by heat transfer, mass...

 In this paper we study the relative entropy rate between a homogeneous Markov chain and a hidden Markov chain defined by observing the output of a discrete stochastic channel whose input is the finite state space homogeneous stationary Markov chain. For this purpose, we obtain the relative entropy between two finite subsequences of above mentioned chains with the help of the definition of...

We elucidate the connection between the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy rate k and the time evolution of the physical or statistical entropy S. For a large family of chaotic conservative dynamical systems including the simplest ones, the evolution of Sstd for far-from-equilibrium processes includes a stage during which S is a simple linear function of time whose slope is k. We present numerical confir...

Two maximization problems of Rényi entropy rate are investigated: the maximization over all stochastic processes whose marginals satisfy a linear constraint, and the Burg-like maximization over all stochastic processes whose autocovariance function begins with some given values. The solutions are related to the solutions to the analogous maximization problems of Shannon entropy rate.

We estimated the perceptual entropy rate of the phonemes of American English and found that the upper limit of the perceptual entropy of voiced phonemes is approximately 1.4 bit/sample, whereas the perceptual entropy of unvoiced phonemes is approximately 0.9 bit/sample. Results indicate that a simple voiced/unvoiced classi cation is suboptimal when trying to minimize bit rate. We used two di er...