To the Editor: Readers of our recent paper1 expressed an interest in knowing the relative risk (RR) estimates, using the concentrations of air pollutants measured at traffic-influenced stations, rather than the concentrations measured at background stations, for the population living along busy roads in Amsterdam. In Table 1, the RR estimates obtained using traffic sites are presented together ...

Chemical pollutants include such things as petrochemicals, dissolved metals, fertilizers and organic pesticides. Chemical pollutants are most concentrated adjacent to heavily populated areas, industry, intensive agriculture and military activities. Consequently, the adverse impacts of marine pollution are most apparent in the nearshore environment (state and territorial waters) (Green 1997). Th...

While urban areas are often considered to be comprised chiefly of artificial surfaces, they can contain a substantial portion of green space and a great diversity of natural habitats. These spaces include public parks, private gardens and street trees, all of which can provide valuable environmental services, such as improved air quality. Trees play a particular role in cities as they are often...

Pharmaceuticals are an important and indispensible element of modern life. They are employed in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture and aquaculture. Until the 1990s however, relatively little consideration was given to the likely fate, occurrence or effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment (PIE) following normal use. This apparent lack of scientific interest in pharmaceuticals as co...

Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide gases together with dust are known as the major pollutants arising during the blasting operations using the ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) explosive at the Sungun surface mine, located in the northwest of Iran. The pollutants were monitored during some blasting operations at the mine. It was concluded that the gases and dust clouds initially went up to the ...

inorganic and organic compounds, primarily as a result of human activities. While inorganic pollutants occur as natural elements in the Earth’s crust and atmosphere, human activities such as industry, mining, motorized traffic, agriculture, logging, and military actions promote their release and concentration in the environment, leading to toxicity (Nriagu 1979). Organic pollutants in the envir...