The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) [42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.], as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) [Pub. L. 99–499], requires that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) develop jointly with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in order of priority, a list of hazardous substances mos...

Annex 12 addresses definitions, general principles, programs, monitoring, early warning system, human health, research, and reporting. This annex embraces the philosophy of zero discharge and the goal of virtual elimination, and the Parties have achieved considerable success in controlling direct, point source discharges of toxic chemicals to the lakes. The Commission finds, however, that there...

This paper reviews nine of the best-known strategies for eliminatine and reducing substances in the category known as "persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances" (PBTSs). The nine strategies are as follows: 1) Ontario's Candidate Substances List for Bans and Phase-outs (1992), 2) Canada's ARET Program (1994), 3) Canada's Toxic Substances Management Policy (1995), 4) the Commission for Environ...

Humic substances, the dark-colored, natural organic polyelectrolytes that are found in practically all soils, sediments, and natural water, strongly interact with both inorganic and organic pollutants. Inorganic cationic species generally undergo complexation reactions with humic substances. The binding of cations, such as cupric ions, by humic substances often markedly reduces their toxicity t...

Do capital markets reward companies for their environmental policies, goals and activities or their efforts at reducing the release of toxic substances? This paper examines the relationship between environmental conscientiousness scores and stock returns. It appears that the US capital markets have only weakly rewarded environmentally conscientious companies. However, companies with the worst e...

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element and anthropogenic contaminant present in 2 general forms: inorganic and organic. Inorganic arsenic is considered highly toxic to humans.1 The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) all classify inorganic arsenic as a human carcinogen.2–4 The health ef...

Bacteria can adapt to various environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, ions, nutrients and toxic substances by modifying their membranes to maintain them in a fluid state. These modifications within the cytoplasmatic membrane particularly result from changes in the fatty acid composition and interaction between proteins and lipids. Fatty acids, mainly phospholipid fatty acids, play ...

In a bid to provide better protection for children's health, U.S. Senators Barbara Boxer (D-California) and Frank Lautenberg (D-New Jersey) introduced the Children's Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), on 24 May 1999. CEPA is an amendment to the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 and seeks to protect children from exposures to hazardous substances such as toxic air pollutants and pesticides ...