The estimation of Total Electron Content (TEC) in the equatorial ionosphere using GPS presents a number of challenges due to the presence of strong spatio-temporal density gradients and scintillation of the satellite signals caused by F-region irregularities. In this paper we describe a methodology for real-time calibrated TEC estimation in the presence of scintillation and a highly structured ...

This work is dedicated to a study of near-equatorial electron distribution in the ionosphere under the radiation belts. Sporadic 100 keV electron splashes have been registered at near-equatorial latitudes. The longitudinal dependence has been found in the distribution of these splashes. The results have been compared with satellite data of thunderstorms registration, through this it was found t...

A comparative study of the geomagnetic and ionospheric data at equatorial and low-latitude stations in India over the 20 year period 1956±1975 is described. The reversal of the electric ®eld in the ionosphere over the magnetic equator during the midday hours indicated by the disappearance of the equatorial sporadic E region echoes on the ionograms is a rare phenomenon occurring on about 1% of t...

Plasma probe data from DMSP-F13, DMSP-F15 and DEMETER satellites were used to examine longitudinal structures in the topside equatorial ionosphere during fall equinox conditions of 2004 year. Since the launch of DEMETER satellite on 29 June 2004, all these satellites operate close together in the topside ionosphere. Here, data taken from Special Sensor-Ion, Electron and Scintillations (SSIES) i...

The knowledge of plasma pressure is essential for many physics applications in the magnetosphere, such as computing magnetospheric currents and deriving magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. A thorough knowledge of the 3-D pressure distribution has, however, eluded the community, as most in situ pressure observations are either in the ionosphere or the equatorial region of the magnetosphere. With ...