Upon oral administration the solubility of a drug in intestinal fluid is a key property influencing bioavailability. It is also recognised that simple aqueous solubility does not reflect intestinal solubility and to optimise in vitro investigations simulated intestinal media systems have been developed. Simulated intestinal media which can mimic either the fasted or fed state consists of multip...

The solubility of CO2 in the primary, secondary, tertiary and sterically hindered amine aqueous solutions at various conditions was studied. In the present work, the Modified Kent-Eisenberg (M-KE), the Extended Debye-Hückel (E-DH) and the Pitzer models were employed to study the solubility of CO2 in amine aqueous solutions. Two explicit equations are presented to evalu...

Gastrointestinal fluid is a complex milieu and it is recognised that gut drug solubility is different to that observed in simple aqueous buffers. Simulated gastrointestinal media have been developed covering fasted and fed states to facilitate in vitro prediction of gut solubility and product dissolution. However, the combination of bile salts, phospholipids, fatty acids and proteins in an aque...

the solubility of kno3 in the mixed solvent (water 85%+methanol 15%) were determined by using solvent evaporating method at different temperatures (25, 30, 40, 50, 60 ;c). in addition the equilibrium constant of ion pair formation, kip, for k+no3 – ion-pair on the basis of fuoss contact ion pair model was calculated. upon choosing the extended debye-hückel model for estimating the mean activity...

Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker poorly water-soluble. In this report, the interactions of this drug with polyvinylpyrrolidone in solid dispersions, prepared according to the dissolution method using methanol as the solvent, have been investigated. For purposes of comparison physical mixtures were prepared by simple mixture and homogeneization of the two pulverized components. C...

Certain highly soluble proteins, such as Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP), have the ability to enhance the solubility of their fusion partners, making them attractive vehicles for the production of recombinant proteins, yet the mechanism of solubility enhancement remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the solubility-enhancing properties of MBP are dramatically affected by...

Aqueous solubility is often a limiting factor in any concentration-dependent process and n-octanol/water partition coefficient, usually expressed as log P, is equilibrium between surrogate of nonaqueous biophases and water phase. The aqueous solubility of seven liquid monoterpenes: (+/-)-beta-citronellol, (+/-)-linalool, linalyl acetate, (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, eucalyptol and terpine...

G. Ma, B. S. Levine, D. J. Lavrich Merck & Co., Inc. Purpose Amorphous solid dispersions have been increasingly used to enhance the bioavailability for poorly soluble drugs. Dissolution method development for these formulations has faced challenges due to their unstable super saturation state in aqueous media. Whether the dissolution sink condition should be based on API crystalline solubility ...