There has been considerable progress in the construction of fundamental bandwidth limits and near optimal design realisations for several classes of passive linear electromagnetic wave devices, most notably for radar absorbent materials, antennas and meta-materials. This article seeks to place balun design on a similar footing, for an important class of baluns; in particular those which are ‘pe...

Abstract— In this paper, input impedance of a vertical rod under lightning stroke is first computed by applying the method of moments (MoM) on the Maxwell’s equations. The circuit model is then achieved through applying modified vector fitting (MVF) on the computed input impedance. After then the equivalent circuit is again extracted for a few values of soil conductivity and rod radius. Finally...

Abstract—The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel generalized single-band transformer for two arbitrary complex load and source impedances and a novel high-power amplifier using this new transformer. By adding two reactive parts at across terminals, the coupled line with flexible electrical length has practical evenand odd-mode characteristic impedances. Thus, the total circuit layout ca...

In this paper, the underlying concept of acoustic liner is an electroacoustic transducer which acoustic impedance can be changed by electrical means, be it passive or active. Among the different ways to obtain variable acoustic properties on an electroacoustic transducer's voicing face is the shunting of the transducer's electrical input. With such shunt devices, the acoustic impedance that the...

A new causal power-normalized waveguide equivalent-circuit theory determines uniquely both the magnitude and phase of the characteristic impedance of a waveguide.

Representation of multiwinding transformers by equivalent circuits has been recently improved, and it is for the identification of components of these circuits. In this paper, the focus is on magnetic coupling with its related losses. A general method, based on external impedance measurements, is followed to determine inductances, coupling ratios, and resistances included in these equivalent ci...

How big should the conductors be? The required size (or gauge) of the conductors depends on three factors: (1) the load impedance; (2) the length of cable required; and (3) the amount of power loss that can be tolerated. Each of these involves relationships between voltage (volts), resistance (ohms), current (amperes) and power (watts). These relationships are defined with Ohm’s Law. The job of...