AIMS To compare the postoperative surgical outcomes and the changes in deviation achieved per millimetre of recession in patients treated by graded unilateral medial rectus (UMR) or bilateral medial rectus (BMR) recession for small to large angle esotropia with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. METHODS In a retrospective, consecutive and interventional case series, 102 patients underwent UMR r...

PURPOSE Identification of risk factors for accommodative esotropia may help to determine which children with hyperopia may benefit from early spectacle correction or preventive therapy. METHODS Participants in the family history study were 95 consecutive patients, aged 18 to 60 months, with accommodative esotropia. Participants in the binocular sensory function study were a subgroup of 41 chi...

PURPOSE To define the prevalence and time course of significant changes in angle of deviation during the first months after the diagnosis of infantile esotropia and to determine whether long-term alignment and sensory outcomes differ when surgical alignment is performed on infants with stable vs unstable angles of deviation. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS setting: Institutional an...

IMPORTANCE Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession and one lateral rectus muscle resection surgery for the correction of large-angle infantile esotropia may be associated with a favorable long-term motor outcome. A consecutive exotropic drift was encountered more commonly than a recurrent esotropic drift in the long run, especially in the smaller (50-69 prism diopters [Δ]) range of preoperativ...

Acquired esotropia with high myopia may be associated with superotemporal eyeball prolapse from the muscle cone and the subsequent shift of extraocular muscles limits the success of the traditional recession-resection surgery. In this study, we report two patients diagnosed with myopic strabismus fixus with esodeviation >90 prism diopter. Marked axial elongation of globes was present in both th...

Strabismus fixus is very rare and the convergent form is rarely accompanied by blepharoptosis. We successfully treated one patient with high myopia whose convergent strabismus fixus, accompanied by blepharoptosis, became severe after cataract surgery. We report the case with a discussion of its pathology. We performed levator advancement operation, bilateral lateral rectus 11 mm resection, and ...

purpose: to present a case of spontaneous resolution of essential esotropia case report: a 22-month-old girl presented with eye deviation since the age of 4 month. in the first examination, visual acuity of both eyes was c+s+m+. the patient had 35 prism diopters of alternative esotropia in primary position and also bilateral inferior oblique overaction (iooa). there was no significant refractiv...

PURPOSE To investigate the development pattern and related factors of postoperative re-drift in infantile esotropia. METHODS A total of 112 patients with infantile esotropia who underwent surgery before 3 years of age were included. Surgical outcomes were divided into (1) consecutive exotropia: more than 8 prism diopters (PD) of exodeviation; (2) recurrent esotropia: more than 8 PD of esodevi...