background: increasing serum levels of uric acid (sua) after menopause in women brought up a hypothesis that estrogenic effect may protectively regulate sua. estrogenic effect is a major etiology of uterine fibroids and fibrocystic breast disease. the study aimed to explore sua among patients suffering from these diseases to enhance the hypothesis. methods: overall , 1349 female participants we...

A large number of phthalate esters were screened for estrogenic activity using a recombinant yeast screen. a selection of these was also tested for mitogenic effect on estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells. A small number of the commercially available phthalates tested showed extremely weak estrogenic activity. The relative potencies of these descended in the order butyl benzyl phthalat...

BACKGROUND Japanese herbal medicines can be used as alternatives to estrogen therapy and are sometimes prescribed for menopausal syndrome because they have fewer side effects and are associated with better compliance than estrogen therapy, but little is known about the pharmacological mechanisms of such treatments. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms responsible for the estrogen-like eff...

Fish muscle extracts from ten European mountain lakes were analyzed for organochlorine compounds (OCs) and estrogenic activity, the latter by a recombinant yeast assay based on the human estrogen receptor. Seventy percent of the samples showed estrogenic activity above detection limits and a subset of five samples showed estrogenic activities, equivalent to more than 10,000 pg/g of estradiol. T...

Tibolone is a synthetic steroid with estrogenic effects on brain, vagina, and bone without stimulating the endometrium. During tibolone treatment, it is thought that the progestagenic properties of tibolone stimulate cell differentiation, which effectively counterbalances the growth-stimulating effects of the estrogenic properties of tibolone. The objective of this study was to characterize the...

The total estrogenic activity of the wastewater from a swine farm in Japan was quantitatively characterized, and the compounds responsible for the estrogenic activity were identified and quantified. The wastewater treatment process consisted of a series of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a trickling filter. Samples were collected at each treatment step, and the total estrogenic a...

Numerous studies have examined the effects of anthropogenic endocrine disrupting compounds; however, very little is known about the effects of naturally occurring plant-produced estrogenic compounds (i.e., phytoestrogens) on vertebrates. To examine the seasonal pattern of phytoestrogen consumption and its relationship to hormone levels (407 fecal samples analyzed for estradiol and cortisol) and...

The synthesis of (αS,2R)-(2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)glycine (22, normethylazafuranomycin) by the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of α-aminoallene 17 is described. The target molecule was synthesized in 13 linear steps from Cbz-protected Garner aldehyde (R)-2 in an overall yield of 2.4%. The approach was first examined in model studies, which afforded the alkylated azafuranomycin derivative 1...