Path planning, a topic of much interest in military planning, is largely treated as the task of finding the best path with respect to some criterion such as length, travel time, etc, for which efficient algorithms are already available. Military planning requires understanding enemy intentions and devising unexpected plans to fox the enemy which calls for not a best path, but a number of altern...

since, in the same vein as public spaces, urban green spaces play a significant role in establishing social interactions in the iranian cities, security concerns need to be taken more seriously in such places than other social environments, the insufficiency of which could diminish their functional capacity. this could in turn lead to a source of subsequent difficulties in urban spaces. therefo...

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This paper argues that a hybrid role for urban planners has emerged within the largely neoliberalised spaces of contemporary Australian governance. This new role is one that transcends previously rigid or clearly defined sectoral positions to blend public, private and community responsibilities in novel and complex ways. The first section of the paper briefly sketches the historical shifts that...

the space structure that governs cities has depended on several corresponding relations and various factors which consist of: population, job and activities, transportation patterns, urban sub-structures, various services and etc that always were connected to each other and have formed its space structure. but since these relations are more complicated in big cities, the importance of paying at...