Previous results indicated poor sugar consumption and early inhibition of metabolism and growth when Clostridium cellulolyticum was cultured on medium containing cellobiose and yeast extract. Changing from complex medium to a synthetic medium had a strong effect on (i) the specific cellobiose consumption, which was increased threefold; and (ii) the electron flow, since the NADH/NAD+ ratios rang...

Fe–N–C single atom catalysts (SACs) utilize active oxygen from the evolution reaction for efficient methane-to-ethanol conversion, achieving an ethanol production rate of 11 480.6 μmol g cat −1 h in flow cell reactions.

Changes in the microdialysis outflow-to-inflow (O/I) ratio for [(14)C]ethanol and (3)H(2)O were determined in the perfused rat hindlimb after increases and decreases in nutritive flow mediated by the vasoconstrictors norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT), respectively. Microdialysis probes (containing 10 mM [(14)C]ethanol and (3)H(2)O pumped at 1 or 2 microl/min) were inserted through the ca...

Process development, cheaper bioreactor cost, and faster fermentation rate can aid in reducing the cost of fermentation. In this article, these ideas were combined in developing a previously introduced textile bioreactor for ethanol production. The bioreactor was developed to utilize flocculating yeast for ethanol production under anaerobic conditions. A mixing system, which works without aerat...

Effects of acute ethanol administration on the axoplasmic flow in retinal ganglion cells of rats were studied by intraocular injection of 3H-1-leucine. Ethanol induced a facilitation of the fast axoplasmic flow without affecting the slow axoplasmic flow. Pretreatment with colchicine almost completely eliminated the fast flow in both control and ethanol-treated rats, while cycloheximi...

Feedstock diffusion and decomposition in the root growth of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays is discussed. A nondimensional modulus is proposed to differentiate catalystpoisoning controlled growth deceleration from one which is diffusion controlled. It is found that, at current stage, aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) arrays are usually free of feedstock diffusion resistance. Howe...

Dielectric relaxation of different molar concentrations of ethanol (C2H5OH) in binary mixtures of ethanol and chlorobenzene in benzene solutions has been studied at 9.883 GHz by using standard standing microwave techniques and Gopala Krishna’s single frequency concentration variation method at different temperatures (25 ◦C, 30 ◦C, 35 ◦C, and 40 ◦C). It was found that the dielectric relaxation t...

Ethanol pyrolysis experiments at 1.7 – 3.0 atm and 1045 – 1080 K were performed in the presence of radical trappers using a variable pressure flow reactor. Stable species time histories were determined using continuous sampling, on-line Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, and off-line Gas Chromatography. The rate constant k1 of the molecular decomposition reaction, C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O (R1)...

ethyl benzene used increasingly each year is the raw material of producing styrene monomer. this substanceis produced from benzene alkylation with ethylene or ethanol, depending on the availability and cost of rawmaterials. in this study benzene alkylation in the presence of ethanol in a catalytic fixed bed reactor inthree states of isotherm, adiabatic and non-isotherm-non-adiabatic is mathemat...

This work experimentally studied the convective flow and heat transfer characteristics of a novel nanostructured heat transfer fluid: "ethanol/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion" flowing through 12 circular minichannels of 1-mm diameter each. Ethanol/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion is a thermodynamically stable system formed by dispersing ethanol into a mixture of "polyalphaolefin (PAO)" and surfactants...