Gas chromatography is considered to be the reference method for ethyl alcohol determination. However, enzymatic ethanol assays have been developed for use in the clinical laboratory by several commercial vendors. Essentially, these assays utilize the oxidation of ethyl alcohol to acetaldehyde with concurrent reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to NADH while monitoring the incre...

Ethyl alcohol is produced in the United States by two major procedures, fermentation and chemical synthesis. Practically all current industrial ethyl alcohol is manufactured synthetically from petroleum and natural gas. All beverage alcohol is produced through the fermentation of cereal grains, molasses. and other materials with high starch and sugar content. Chemically, both alcohols are essen...

Alcoholism is a complex disorder that, in man, appears to be genetically influenced, although the underlying genes and molecular pathways are not completely known. Here the intragastric alcohol feeding model in rodents was used together with high mass accuracy LC/MS analysis to assess the metabonomic changes in non-polar metabolite profiles for livers from control and alcohol treated rats and m...

AIMS This study examined the possibility of using hair samples other than scalp hair for analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) as markers for alcohol misuse. METHODS Samples of scalp and pubic hair and, if available, axillary, beard and body hair of one teetotaller, five moderate social drinkers and 22 fatalities were analysed for FAEE by head-space solid-phase microextraction and gas ch...

BACKGROUND Urinary Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and Ethyl sulfate (EtS) are established markers of alcohol conumption. Measurement of these markers in serum offers certain advantages. This outpatient department based study evaluated performance of serum Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and Ethyl sulphate (EtS) as biomarkers of recent alcohol consumption in alcohol dependent subjects. It also evaluated effect...

Acatalasemia and hypocatalasemia mice had decreased levels of mercury in the lung and blood and increased levels in the liver following exposure in vivo to metallic mercury vapor (1.4 mg/m3 for 2 hours). The decreased uptake of mercury was roughly proportional to the decrease in catalase activity in these organs. Acatalasemia mice injected with ethyl alcohol showed a decrease in the mercury con...

Methyl alcohol was administered in drinking water supplied ad libitum at doses of 20,000, 5,000, 500, or 0 ppm to groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks old at the start of the experiment. Animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Ethyl alcohol was administered by ingestion in drinking water at a concentration of 10% or 0% supplied ad libitum to groups of male ...

We systematically evaluated the antioxidant activity of ethyl vanillin, a vanillin analog, as compared with the activities of vanillin and other vanillin analogs using multiple assay systems. Ethyl vanillin and vanillin exerted stronger antioxidant effects than did vanillyl alcohol or vanillic acid in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, although the antioxidant activities of va...

The mechanism of action of intratumoral ethyl alcohol injection is dehydration and subsequent necrosis, denaturing the structure of the cellular proteins, resulting in complete ablation of the tumor. Pure alcohol also blocks blood flow to the tumor bed resulting in small blood vessel thrombosis that leads to tumor necrosis. Ethyl alcohol injection is also used for the treatment of liver and kid...