This Letter aims at showing that the observation of evaporating black holes should allow the usual Hawking behavior to be distinguished from loop quantum gravity (LQG) expectations. We present a full Monte Carlo simulation of the evaporation in LQG and statistical tests that discriminate between competing models. We conclude that contrarily to what was commonly thought, the discreteness of the ...

We use a newly developed set of boundary conditions to revisit the problem of an evaporating thin liquid film. In particular, instead of the conventional Hertz–Knudsen– Langmuir equation for the evaporation mass flux we impose a more general equation expressing the balance of configurational momentum. This balance, which supplements the conventional conditions enforcing the balances of mass, mo...

The performance of four CO2 cycle options was measured for three different evaporating temperatures, 7.2, -6.7, and -23.3°C under the ARI Standard 520 for the condensing units . Four cycle options were a basic cycle, a cycle with a suction line heat exchanger, a cycle with an intercooler, and a two -stage split cycle. The compressor used in testing was a hermetic, rotary type two-stage compress...

Most software packages available for particle tracing focus on visualizing steady or unsteady vector elds by using massless particle trajectories. For many applications, however, the use of massed and evaporating particles would provide a model of physical processes that could be used in product testing or design. In this article we describe the TrackPack toolkit, which provides an integrated i...

Quantum mechanics for matter fields moving in an evaporating black hole spacetime is formulated in fully four-dimensional form according to the principles of generalized quantum theory. The resulting quantum theory cannot be expressed in a 3+1 form in terms of a state evolving unitarily or by reduction through a foliating family of spacelike surfaces. That is because evaporating black hole geom...

Liquid marble is a liquid droplet coated with particles. Recently, the evaporation process of a sessile liquid marble using geometric measurements has attracted great attention from the research community. However, the lack of gravimetric measurement limits further insights into the physical changes of a liquid marble during the evaporation process. Moreover, the evaporation process of a marble...

Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) for a multilayered sphere is used to simulate holograms produced by evaporating spherical droplets with refractive index gradient in the surrounding air/vapor mixture. Simulated holograms provide a physical interpretation of experimental holograms produced by evaporating Diethyl Ether droplets with diameter in the order of 50 μm and recorded in a digital in-...

We investigate the dewetting of aqueous, evaporating polymer [poly(acrylic acid)] solutions cast on glassy hydrophobic (polystyrene) substrates. As in ordinary dewetting, the evaporating films initially break up through the nucleation of holes that perforate the film, but the rapidly growing holes become unstable and form nonequilibrium patterns resembling fingering patterns that arise when inj...

Balanced equations of a binary mixture for molecular distillation (MD) were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films on both the evaporating and condensing surface. Effects of feed temperature and condenser temperature on film thickness, film surface temperature and concentration, degree of evaporation and concentration of distillate were analyzed for MD. The l...