INTRODUCTION The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of excise tax increases as a tool for tobacco control and for generating government revenue is overwhelming. Although initially this evidence was generated primarily in high-income countries, the past two decades has seen much evidence originating in low-income and middle-income countries. The findings are broadly similar. The answer to ...

INTRODUCTION Increasing tobacco excise taxes and implementing comprehensive smoke-free laws are two of the most effective population-level strategies to reduce tobacco use, prevent tobacco use initiation, and protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke. We examined state laws related to smoke-free buildings and to cigarette excise taxes from 2000 through 2014 to see how implementation of these law...

There are many literature reviews that write about the causes and expected consequences of an environmental, social, economic crisis. It should be remembered role public sector is critical to overcoming crises, promoting sustainable development managing balance between supply demand for services. This qualitative research takes a case study approach agencies under Ministry Finance, namely Direc...

Introduction Excise taxes are policy tools that have been applied internationally with some success to reduce consumption of products adversely impacting population health including tobacco, alcohol and increasingly junk foods and sugary beverages. As in other low-income and middle-income countries, South Africa faces a growing burden of lifestyle diseases; accordingly we simulate the impact of...

A question of medico-legal interest occasionally occurs in Civil Surgeons' work, when a sample of opium is submitted by the police, or Magistrate for favour of an opinion as to whether it is crude opium or Government excise opium. Thisopinion is asked for as it is illegal to sell crude opium. Text-books on medical jurisprudence seem to o-ive no information on the point, and as it is a question ...

Perfect competition or Bertrand competition cause price to equal marginal cost, so that excise tax incidence can be illustrated with the most basic supply-demand diagram. Some results are: • excise taxes are shared by suppliers and demanders according to their relative price elasticities • holding revenue fixed, it doesn’t matter (for supply price, demand price, and quantity traded) whether the...

Crude extracts of normal human diploid fibroblasts and of human peripheral blood lymphocytes excise thymine dimers from purified ultraviolet-irradiated DNA, or from the DNA presumably present as chromatin in unfractionated cell-free preparations of cells that had been labeled with [3H]thymidine. Extracts of xeroderma pigmentosum cells from complementation groups A, C, and D also excise thymine ...

The imposition of taxes on specific consumption goods and services (i.e. excise taxes) not only is a time-honoured activity but also makes common sense: government financing can be combined with other important social goals, in particular the reduction of externalities (costs imposed on other people) by making the taxed goods more expensive. Thus two goals can be attained at the same time, whic...

Based on research by the Global Alliance Health and Pollution (GAHP), fourth largest contributor to deaths from pollution is Indonesia. The number of air not far related motorized vehicles in Indonesia, because more vehicles, carbon emissions are released thereby increasing In-Law 11 1995 concerning Excise jo. Law Number 39 2007, Excisable Goods stated article 2 paragraph (1) as certain items t...