While the previous literature on exclusive dealing has been concerned with the question of how exclusive dealing can raise static profits, this paper analyzes the question of how exclusive dealing can be used to predate in a dynamic context. It is shown that exclusive dealing may arise even if it reduces static profits. Exclusivity provisions may not only allow excluding efficient competitors, ...

background and aims: the world health organization and united nations children’s fund (unicef) recommended executive breastfeeding for 6 months after birth. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of executive breastfeeding in iran by a meta-analysis study to be used by policy-makers in order to health programmer plan in this field. methods: in this meta-analysis study, the da...

background : exclusive nutrition with breastfeeding is the health provider of the infant and mothers and its continuing would provide more advantages. exclusive nutrition on different communities is affected by different factors. this study aimed to determine continuous exclusive breastfeeding and some of the related factors. methods : this was a descriptive-analysis prospective study. the stud...

introduction: there are many advantages in breastfeeding of infants. the impact of fasting of breastfeeding mothers during ramadan, on their exclusively breastfed infants’ growth, is still unclear. the objective of this study is to determine the impact of maternal ramadan fasting on growth parameters of exclusively breastfed infants. methods: this cohort study was conducted on 55 healthy, exclu...

For the purposes of this note, I will assume that the Gricean account of scalar implicature is correct. I admit that I don’t have any qualms about making this assumption, since as far as I can tell, the Gricean account is the only game in town. But I thought I should mention it. With this preliminary out of the way, let us proceed to the problem area, and start by considering the following exam...

Background: Many factors affect exclusive breastfeeding, include method of delivery, parity, maternal age and education, smoking, ethnicity, pregnancy complications, infant health, and environmental factors such as hospital practices, and social support. Recently, maternal obesity has been suggested as a risk factor for poor breast-feeding practices whose role has not...