Natural gas, composed mainly of methane, is in some ways similar to propane gas. Both fuels have similar energy densities per unit mass, and similar laminar premixed flame burning velocities. However, propane explosions have been shown to produce higher overpressures in unconfined explosion tests when compared to methane. In vapor cloud explosion modeling, methane is considered to be a “low” re...

Explosive atmospheres can be caused by gases, vapors, mist, dust, lint, or fibers of flammable substances. If there is a sufficient quantity the substance mixed with air, imminence an explosion depends on probability and efficiency ignition source. The type pressurized enclosure protection consists separating potentially explosive atmosphere from source maintaining overpressure inside using pro...

background: fire and explosion hazards are extremely important in processing units. this study was performed to identify the risk centers, the potential damage caused by fire and explosion, and the days of production cessation in the processing company. materials and methods: the present qualitative case study was conducted using dow’s index in 2015. the fire and explosion hazard index and leve...

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a novel mathematical model has been developed to aid the formulation of emulsion explosives. this mathematical model calculated heat of explosion, oxygen balance and raw material cost as a function of explosive ingredients, and the solution of the mathematical model was obtained by a ms excel program. the effects of the different content of nh4no3, nano3, h2o, and span-80 and composite fuel oil...

The characteristics of self-organising, adaptive systems (SOAS) lead to a signi cantly higher exibility and robustness against an ever-changing environment. This exibility makes it hard to test these systems adequately, which is, however, inevitable in order to assure their quality. As a part of our vision of testing SOAS, we present a framework for testing selforganisation (SO) algorithms. The...

Explosion shock wave pressure is one of the main damage parameters produced in process ammunition explosion, and it also an important technical index to evaluate power ammunition. However, actual testing process, only a limited amount shockwave data at specific measuring points can be obtained, which cannot accurately reflect distribution laws propagation after explosion. Therefore, particularl...