multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb) are increasing globally. treatment options for these patients are very limited. although treatment of these patients with standardized regimen is associated with high mortality and morbidity, rational usage of new drugs might be promising. in this study we will review epidemiology of xdr-tb and tdr-tb in iran and t...

background there is limited data on outcomes of adolescents with drug-resistant tuberculosis (dr-tb). objectives to describe patient outcomes and factors associated with outcomes of adolescents diagnosed with dr-tb in khayelitsha, south africa. patients and methods a retrospective analysis of data for adolescents aged 10-19 years who were diagnosed with dr-tb between january 2008 and august 201...

second patient were within the same subgroup, but similarity in nucleotide sequences was only 82.5%. This result suggests that this patient was infected with 2 different virus strains of HRV-A and a strain of HRV-C. Comparison of the HRV-A strains with the HRV-C strain showed that they belonged to different subgroups and had low similarity for nucleotide sequences. The second patient had 3 dist...