OBJECTIVE Numerous studies investigated the impact of bleaching procedures on enamel microhardness. The outcomes of these studies reveal inconsistencies regarding the fact whether a microhardness reduction due to bleaching occurs or not. Aim of the present review was to summarize the existing literature of external bleaching therapies, which used microhardness tests for evaluation of possible e...

OBJECTIVE Internal and external bleaching procedures utilizing 3-35% hydrogen peroxide solutions or hydrogen peroxide releasing agents, such as carbamide peroxide or sodium perborate, can be used for whitening of teeth. The purpose of the review article was to summarize and discuss the available information concerning the effects of peroxide releasing bleaching agents on dental restorative mate...

Tooth discoloration varies in etiology, appearance, localization, severity, and adhesion to tooth structure. It can be defined as being extrinsic or intrinsic on the basis of localization and etiology. In this review of the literature, various causes of tooth discoloration, different bleaching materials, and their applications to endodontically treated teeth have been described. In the walking ...

The reactive oxygen species superoxide (O2·-) is both beneficial and detrimental to life. Within corals, superoxide may contribute to pathogen resistance but also bleaching, the loss of essential algal symbionts. Yet, the role of superoxide in coral health and physiology is not completely understood owing to a lack of direct in situ observations. By conducting field measurements of superoxide p...

The chromatic stability of nonvital discolored teeth, subjected to the combined intracoronal bleaching technique and to endodontic treatment, was evaluated at a distance of 16 yr (1989-2005). The series comprised 50 patients (age range 7-30 yr) selected from among those attending the Dental Clinic at "Federico II" University, Naples, between 1987 and 1989. After 16 yr, only 35 cases could be ev...

r bstract ooth discoloration varies in etiology, appearance, alization, severity, and adhesion to tooth structure an be defined as being extrinsic or intrinsic on asis of localization and etiology. In this review o iterature, various causes of tooth discoloration, dif nt bleaching materials, and their applications to e dontically treated teeth have been described. In alking bleach technique the...

With the increasingly commercial emphasis on dental esthetics, patients have become more interested in improving the appearance of their smile. For many, whiter teeth is their chief goal. However, when considering dental bleaching, practitioners need to take certain precautions. Over the past decade, multiple studies have evaluated the effects of bleaching agents on restorative materials. This ...

OBJECTIVES To review current knowledge of tooth whitening with respect to external bleaching methods. DATA The scope is the external bleaching of vital teeth and focuses on mechanisms; in vivo and in vitro measurement methods, and factors influencing the efficacy of the whitening process. SOURCES "Medline" and "ISI Web of Science" databases from 1966 and 1974, respectively were searched ele...

The objective of this article is management teeth discoloration with external bleaching used agent hydrogen pe-roxide (H2O2) 40% on a 28-year-old woman came to the Hasanuddin University RSGMP complaints yellowish teeth. patient wants her looks brighter. In-office procedure was performed by initial color determination score 8 opalescence boost shade guide. Dental optragate placed in patient’s mo...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of polycrystalline ceramic brackets (PCB) bonded after bleaching treatment using different composite resins and enamel etching times. A total of 144 bovine incisors were randomly divided into two study groups (n = 72, each) as follows: G1, enamel bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide, and G2 (control group), enamel unbleached. Af...