Cognitive load theory (CLT) provides us guiding principles in the design of learning materials. CLT differentiates three different kinds of cognitive load -intrinsic, extraneous and germane load. Intrinsic load is related to the learning goal, extraneous load costs cognitive resources but does not contribute to learning. Germane load can foster learning. Objective methods, such as eye movement ...

OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated cognitive factors affecting learning of procedural skills in medical education. Cognitive load theory, which focuses on working memory, is highly relevant, but methods for measuring cognitive load during procedural training are not well understood. Using colonoscopy as an exemplar, we used cognitive load theory to develop a self-report instrument to meas...

This study explores a new item-writing framework for improving the validity of math assessment items. The authors transfer insights from Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), traditionally used in instructional design, to educational measurement. Fifteen, multiple-choice math assessment items were modified using researchbased strategies for reducing extraneous cognitive load. An experimental design with...

PURPOSE Cognitive load theory, focusing on limits of the working memory, is relevant to medical education; however, factors associated with cognitive load during procedural skills training are not well characterized. The authors sought to determine how features of learners, patients/tasks, settings, and supervisors were associated with three types of cognitive load among learners performing a s...

Abstract Cognitive load theory has been a major influence for the field of educational psychology. One main guidelines is that extraneous cognitive should be reduced to leave sufficient resources actual learning take place. In recent years, research regarding various design factors, in particular from digital and online learning, have challenged this assumption. Interactive media, immersion, di...

Making Entity-Relationship diagrams easier to understand for novices has been a topic of previous research. This study provides experimental evidence that suggests using small representative graphics (iconic graphics) to replace standard entity boxes in an ER diagram can have a positive effect on domain understanding for novice users. Cognitive Load Theory and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia...

concepts. In addition, the interactive feedback design imposed lower germane cognitive and reflected on learner’s performance. On the practical side, the study contributes to the future study on considering the role of the animated agent in the multimedia design principles for reducing extraneous cognitive load. To elaborate, instructional designers should combine the role of the animated agent...

With the continually increasing complexity of e-learning environments, there is a need for integrating concepts of cognitive load theory (CLT) with concepts of human–computer interaction (HCI). Basic concepts of both fieldswere reviewed and contrasted. A literature reviewwas conductedwithin the literature database ‘‘The Guide to Computing Literature,” searching for ‘‘cognitive load theory” and ...

Despite the huge production of all sorts of multimedia instructions, educational research has yielded surprisingly few general design principles for instructions in which verbal and visual information are combined. Instructional designers seem to base their design choices more on intuitive ideas than on sound research results. There are however some interesting theories that give guidelines for...

According to cognitive load theorists, the incorporation of extraneous features, such as pedagogical agents, into the learning environment can introduce extraneous cognitive load and thus interfere with learning outcome scores. In this study, the influence of a pedagogical agent’s presence in an instructional video was compared to a video that did not contain a pedagogical agent. The results in...