INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis anatomical classification is inconsistent in the literature, which limits current tuberculosis knowledge and control. We aimed to evaluate whether tuberculosis classification impacts on treatment outcomes at patient and aggregate level. METHODS We analyzed adults from São Paulo State, Brazil with newly diagnosed tuberculosis from 2010-2013. We used an extended clinic...

Tuberculosis remains a worldwide public health concern. Atypical extrapulmonary presentations may delay its diagnosis and treatment. The present study illustrates the importance of ruling out extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms of abdominal diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the variety of clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, current therapeutic...

BACKGROUND Laboratory-based studies have suggested the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be useful in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We sought to determine how clinicians in one hospital used results of the NAAT in clinical decision making in cases of suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all pa...

To study the changes in the epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Tennessee, we compared the 454 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis reported between 1977 and 1981 with 356 cases encountered between 1982 and 1986. The data were analyzed by age, sex, race and site of the disease which were compared with the national statistics during the periods. We observed that 11.3 percent of the to...

One-third of world population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) [1,2]. After exposure to MTB 30 % of the cases will develop latent infection, with a 5-10% lifetime risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) [2,3]. Extrapulmonary TB is observed in about 20% of the total cases. Although pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases have both decreased during the last years...

Tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity in the Indian society particularly among the low socioeconomic population and among the immunocompromised. Unlike pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis is less common and difficult to diagnose. We report a case series of primary extrapulmonary tuberculosis affecting rare sites of the body where tuberculosis is usually not demonstrate...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is limited information available about the drug resistance patterns in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), especially from high burden countries. This may be due to difficulty in obtaining extrapulmonary specimens and limited facilities for drug susceptibility testing. This study was undertaken to review and report the first and second-line anti-TB drug susceptibil...

Annual incidence rates of extrapulmonary tuberculosis have been increasing over the last few years in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. True rates may even be higher due to incomplete reporting. Diagnosis of this condition requires high clinical suspicion, special diagnostic procedures, special staining, and culture media for acid fast bacilli. Delayed diagnosis results in increasing morbidity, mort...

The objective is to evaluate in situ detection of living mycobacterium tuberculosis rRNA using Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Assay (MTD) and its clinical significance in early diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. 86 patients having been diagnosed to have extrapulmonary tuberculosis including tuberculous peritonitis (n=22), lymphatic tuberculosis (n=21), tuberculous meningitis (n=15), H...