Five polysaccharides, namely ADPs-1a, ADPs-1b, ADPs-2, ADPs-3a and ADPs-3b, were extracted from Angelicae dahuricae Radix, purified, and identified by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPSEC), gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), including the determination of procoagulant activity in vitro. The aver...

Apoptosis, as a programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for normal cell mechanism. The word “Apoptosis” derives from Greek language “απόπτωσις” and means trees shedding their leaves in autumn, which describes the "dropping off" or "falling off" of petals from flowers, or leaves from trees. This language imaginarily described the cell death triggered by physiological and pathological stimulatio...

PURPOSE Targeting the protein neddylation pathway has become an attractive anticancer strategy; however, the role of death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis during treatment remained to be determined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The activation of extrinsic apoptosis and its role in MLN4924 treatment of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo The ex...

Recent reports have documented that extracellular sialyltransferases can remodel both cell-surface and secreted glycans by a process other than the canonical cell-autonomous glycosylation that occurs within the intracellular secretory apparatus. Despite association of the abundance of these extracellular sialyltransferases, particularly ST6Gal-1, with disease states such as cancer and a variety...

We determined how rod signaling at mesopic light levels is altered by extrinsic temporal white noise that is correlated or uncorrelated with the activity of one (magnocellular, parvocellular, or koniocellular) postreceptoral pathway. Rod and cone photoreceptor excitations were independently controlled using a four-primary photostimulator. Psychometric (Weibull) functions were measured for incre...

Chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) principally induces intrinsic apoptosis in circulating leukemic blasts. Unfortunately, standard therapy is relatively ineffective in eliminating AML stem/progenitor cells that drive leukemogenesis. The inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) protein family are critical regulators of cell survival. IAP proteins, in particular cIAP1 and cIAP2, have drawn great ...

Two major pathways for apoptosis have been identified, involving either mitochondria (intrinsic) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family death receptors (extrinsic) as initiators of caspase protease activation and cell death. Because tumor resistance to TNF-family death receptor ligands is a common problem, helping malignant cells evade host immune defenses, we sought to identify compounds that s...

Two major pathways for apoptosis have been identified, involving either mitochondria (intrinsic) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family death receptors (extrinsic) as initiators of caspase protease activation and cell death. Because tumor resistance to TNF-family death receptor ligands is a common problem, helping malignant cells evade host immune defenses, we sought to identify compounds that s...

INTRODUCTION The blood coagulation cascade consists of two pathways, the tissue factor (TF)-dependent extrinsic pathway and the contact factor-dependent intrinsic pathway. We have previously shown that a direct thrombin inhibitor, melagatran, paradoxically increased TF-induced thrombin generation (TG) in thrombomodulin (TM)-containing human plasma in vitro. However, the effect of melagatran on ...